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Breaking down barriers to advance women and girls in science http://www.sun.ac.za/english/Lists/news/DispForm.aspx?ID=11102Breaking down barriers to advance women and girls in science Sibusiso Moyo <p>​​​The International Day of Women and Girls in Science is celebrated annually on 11 February. In an opinion piece for the <em>Mail & Guardian</em>, Prof Sibusiso Moyo, Deputy Vice-Chancellor for Research, Innovation and Postgraduate Studies, writes that encouraging greater participation of women and girls in science is not just about fairness; it is about progress. By empowering more women and girls in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, we unlock potential, drive innovation, and build a more sustainable, equitable future for all.</p><ul><li>Read the original article below or click <a href="https://mg.co.za/thought-leader/2025-02-11-despite-progress-we-still-need-to-break-down-barriers-facing-women-in-science/"><strong class="ms-rteThemeForeColor-5-0">here</strong></a><strong class="ms-rteThemeForeColor-5-0"> </strong>for the piece as published.</li></ul><p><strong>​Prof Sibusiso Moyo*</strong><br></p><p>Every year, on 11 February, we observe the <a href="https://www.un.org/en/observances/women-and-girls-in-science-day"><strong class="ms-rteThemeForeColor-5-0">International Day of Women and Girls in Science</strong></a> to celebrate the invaluable contributions of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Established by the United Nations in 2015, this day serves as both a celebration and a call to action. It is an opportunity to reflect on the progress we have made and the challenges that remain in advancing the participation of women and girls in STEM.</p><p><strong>Challenges to access</strong></p><p>Despite significant strides towards gender equality in science, barriers persist. Women and girls still face systemic challenges that limit their access to STEM education and careers. These include:</p><ul><li>Deeply ingrained stereotypes that STEM is a male-dominated field, discouraging young girls from pursuing these subjects.</li><li>Unequal access to excellent learning and teaching opportunities, infrastructure/laboratories where they can have early exposure and training to the basics in the respective fields to give them an advantage.</li><li>Limited mentorship and role models, as women remain underrepresented , especially in the African context, in senior STEM related academic and research related leadership echelons.</li><li>Workplace inequalities which may include policies, practices and culture that may not take gender differences into account  including access to  research funding opportunities.</li><li>Cultural and societal expectations, which can make it more challenging for women to balance careers in science with personal/family responsibilities.</li></ul><p>According to <a href="https://www.right-to-education.org/sites/right-to-education.org/files/resource-attachments/UNESCO_Higher%20Education%20Global%20Data%20Report_Working%20document_May2022_EN_0.pdf"><strong class="ms-rteThemeForeColor-5-0">UNESCO</strong></a>, while women make up over 50% of university graduates, they account for less than 30% of the world's researchers. This stark disparity is not just a loss for women; it is a loss for society as a whole. Innovation thrives on diversity, and science benefits from the unique perspectives and talents that women and girls bring to the table. It is imperative that we in South Africa keep on increasing the number of women and girls in STEM as this will go a long way in helping us reduce the high levels of poverty, unemployment, and inequality.  A deliberate effort  to improve learning and teaching infrastructure, quality delivery of education for all and ensuring high end STEM training  for teachers, academics, and those at the core of training the next generation must remain a priority. </p><p><strong>Progress and success</strong></p><p>The good news is that change is happening. Over the years, we have seen increasing representation of women in STEM, with more female scientists leading groundbreaking research, heading prestigious institutions, and inspiring the next generation. Global initiatives, scholarships, mentorship programmes, and policy reforms are creating new opportunities for women and girls to thrive in science and technology.</p><p>At Stellenbosch University (SU), we are playing our part because we recognise the need to drive this change. We are committed to fostering a more inclusive scientific environment through targeted initiatives, which provides mentorship and networking opportunities for female students and researchers, and <a href="/english/Lists/news/DispForm.aspx?ID=9861"><strong class="ms-rteThemeForeColor-5-0">STEM outreach programmes</strong></a> for young girls, which encourage them to pursue science from an early age. It is important to pique young girls' interest in science and nurture it while they are still at school.</p><p>By funding research and supporting women scientists, we ensure that they are equitably represented in research projects and publications. Partnerships with industry and government allow us to create more career pathways for women in science and technology fields. Through these initiatives, we are not only supporting women already in science but also inspiring future generations of young girls to see themselves as scientists, engineers, and innovators.</p><p>Given our commitment to advancing the participation of women and girls in science, it was especially pleasing when, in October last year, three of our emerging women researchers — Mrs Kimberley Coetzer, Dr Lesha Pretorius, and Dr Nonsikelelo Hlongwa — were recognised with the prestigious <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/recognizing-achievements-talented-young-women-scientists-researchers-honored-prestigious-loreal#:~:text=The%20L%27Or%C3%A9al-UNESCO%20For%2cthe%20gender%20gap%20in%20science."><strong class="ms-rteThemeForeColor-5-0">L'Oréal-UNESCO For Woman in Science Awards</strong></a>, highlighting their exceptional contribution to scientific research and innovation. They were selected for the 2024 L'Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science South Africa Young Talent programme. This global initiative aims to recognise and support women in scientific research by providing grants and fellowships to young female scientist, helping them advance their work and overcome gender barriers in STEM fields. In the same year, Prof Pumla Gobodo-Madikizela was also awarded the prestigious Templeton Prize, recognising the work she does including mentoring and supervising younger scholars from different  backgrounds. There are many other women at SU doing excellent work and we continue to  feature them on <a href="https://www0.sun.ac.za/researchforimpact/research-for-impact/"><strong class="ms-rteThemeForeColor-5-0">Research for Impact</strong></a> platform.</p><p><strong>Call to action</strong></p><p>While universities play a critical role, this is a collective responsibility—one that requires commitment from governments, the private sector, and civil society. We must all work together to:</p><ul><li>Challenge stereotypes by promoting female role models in STEM fields and ensuring visibility for their achievements.</li><li>Strengthen policies by ensuring gender equity in research funding, hiring practices, and career advancement opportunities. </li><li>Create mentorship and sponsorship opportunities so that more young women can access the support they need to succeed.</li><li>Invest in STEM education for girls and women by funding programmes that encourage and support girls in pursuing scientific studies.</li></ul><p>Encouraging greater participation of women and girls in science is not just about fairness; it is about progress. The brightest minds from all backgrounds will be required if we want to solve grand challenges we face, from climate change to global health crises. By empowering more women and girls in STEM, we unlock potential, drive innovation, and build a more sustainable, equitable future for all.</p><p>On this International Day of Women and Girls in Science, let us reaffirm our commitment to breaking down barriers and creating a world where every girl has the opportunity to contribute to science and shape the future. A big thank you to all our Colleagues, women and men contributing to training the next generation of scientists, scholars and innovators! </p><p>Join us in this mission—because science needs all of us.</p><ul><li>Photo by Stefan Els (Corporate Communication and Marketing Division)</li></ul><p><strong>*Professor Sibusiso Moyo is Deputy Vice-Chancellor for Research, Innovation and Postgraduate Studies at Stellenbosch University.​</strong></p><p>​<br></p>
World Cancer Day: Key cancer-related topics under the spotlight http://www.sun.ac.za/english/Lists/news/DispForm.aspx?ID=11092World Cancer Day: Key cancer-related topics under the spotlight Corporate Communication and Marketing/Korporatiewe Kommunikasie en Bemarking<p>​Personalised cancer care with artificial intelligence, pseudoscience in online cancer news, better treatment for ovarian cancer, and the toxic triangle of stress, obesity and cancer. These are the important issues that experts at Stellenbosch University write about in opinion pieces for <a href="https://www.worldcancerday.org/about"><span class="ms-rteThemeForeColor-5-0"><strong>World Cancer Da</strong><strong>y</strong></span></a> on 4 February. Click on the links below to read the articles as published.<br></p><ul><li>Dr Celesté van Drünick (<a href="https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2025-02-02-lack-of-awareness-a-key-factor-in-delayed-diagnosis-of-ovarian-cancer/"><strong class="ms-rteThemeForeColor-5-0">Daily Maverick</strong></a>)</li><li>Dr Carla Eksteen (<a href="https://mg.co.za/thought-leader/opinion/2025-02-04-ai-paves-the-way-for-personalised-cancer-care/"><strong class="ms-rteThemeForeColor-5-0">Mail & Guardian</strong></a>)<br></li><li>Prof Anna-Mart Engelbrecht (<a href="https://www.news24.com/life/wellness/body/opinion-breaking-the-stress-obesity-cancer-cycle-a-call-to-action-ahead-of-world-cancer-day-20250203"><strong class="ms-rteThemeForeColor-5-0">News24</strong></a>)</li><li>Dr Lili Rademan (<a href="https://storage.googleapis.com/marketiq/134FE5C/MMG-1738647149355_134FF36.pdf"><strong class="ms-rteThemeForeColor-5-0">Cape Argus</strong></a>)​</li></ul><p>​<br></p>
Two astronomers join SU’s physics department as extraordinary faculty membershttp://www.sun.ac.za/english/Lists/news/DispForm.aspx?ID=11080Two astronomers join SU’s physics department as extraordinary faculty membersFaculty of Science (media & communication)<p>​The Department of Physics in Stellenbosch University's Faculty of Science is pleased to welcome two astronomers into its academic ranks: Dr Rob Adam, who joins as an honorary professor, and Dr. Charles Takalana, as an extraordinary lecturer.</p><p>Dr Adam has led a long, distinguished career where has played a pivotal role in the development of science and technology in South Africa. He has served in various positions which include deputy director general of Science and Technology (1996), director general of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology, chief executive of the South African Nuclear Energy Corporation, director of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) South Africa, and director of the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory.</p><p>In recognition of his achievements Dr Adam was awarded the degree Doctor of Science, honoris causa, by the Faculty of Science at Stellenbosch University, in December 2023. Given his widespread accomplishments in scientific research, policy development and governance, Dr Adam is ideally placed to contribute to the growth of the <a href="https://physics.sun.ac.za/research/">Department of Physics</a> in the fields of <a href="https://stellenbosch-my.sharepoint.com/personal/wiidabasson_sun_ac_za/Documents/Departemente/Fisika/Ma/Honorary%20appointments/20Jan_CS_Honorary_info_WB.docx#_msocom_1">[JS1]</a> nuclear physics and <a href="https://physics.sun.ac.za/astro/">astrophysics</a>. Dr Adam is also making a significant contribution as an advisor to the Paarl Africa Underground Laboratory (PAUL) consortium, in which the Department of Physics is playing a leading role.</p><p>Dr Charles Mpho Takalana has a background in astronomy and astrophysics, with research centred on probing the cosmological 21 cm background signal from the Dark Ages (DA) and the Epoch of Reionization (EoR), using differential observations of galaxy clusters through the SZE-21cm, a form of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect. </p><p>He served as Head of the Secretariat at the African Astronomical Society (AfAS) during 2021-2023. He was also an Astronomy Policy Researcher at the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO) and the South African Department of Science and Innovation (DSI). In this role, he supported the implementation of the South African Multi-wavelength Astronomy Strategy and the development of a vibrant astronomy community with the technical capacity to implement various astronomy projects. He is currently serving as Deputy Director at the International Astronomical Union - Office of Astronomy for Development (IAU-OAD).</p><p>With his focus on 21-cm astrophysics and galaxy formation and evolution, Dr Takalana will collaborate with the astrophysics group within the department and teach undergraduate students. </p><p>Prof. Yin-Zhe Ma, professor of <a href="https://physics.sun.ac.za/astro/">astrophysics</a> in the Department of Physics, says the presence of both scientists will be invaluable in enhancing the scientific and educational outputs of the department. Dr Adam and Dr Takalana<a href="https://stellenbosch-my.sharepoint.com/personal/wiidabasson_sun_ac_za/Documents/Departemente/Fisika/Ma/Honorary%20appointments/20Jan_CS_Honorary_info_WB.docx#_msocom_2">[JS2]</a>  will also serve as important role models to inspire the next generation of scientists and astronomers.<br></p>
CIMPA school in enumerative combinatorics attracts 35 postgrads from Africahttp://www.sun.ac.za/english/Lists/news/DispForm.aspx?ID=11073CIMPA school in enumerative combinatorics attracts 35 postgrads from AfricaFaculty of Science (media & communication)<p></p><p>Enumerative combinatorics and applications of this field of mathematics to computer science was the theme of a two-week long <a href="https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https://cimpa.info/&data=05%7c02%7c%7c94edd2e57d9a4c6eb32a08dd3174df9e%7ca6fa3b030a3c42588433a120dffcd348%7c0%7c0%7c638721100257879755%7cUnknown%7cTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7c0%7c%7c%7c&sdata=jeuH6Y1Vsp6VLtiC4Uc08kIY0aRFXafOXLQ5XWpryuk%3D&reserved=0">CIMPA School</a> hosted by Stellenbosch University's (SU) Department of Mathematical Sciences.</p><p>CIMPA is the acronym for the French non-profit organization, the <em>Centre International de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées</em> (CIMPA), founded in 1978 to promote research in Mathematics in developing countries. CIMPA supports about 20 such schools every year.</p><p>Dr Sarah Selkirk, member of the scientific committee and an SU alumnus, says the aim of the school is “to grow the network of enumerative combinatorics researchers within Africa and to increase participation of these researchers within the international research community". <a href="https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/dcs/people/sarah_selkirk/">Selkirk</a> is currently a research fellow at the University of Warwick in the United Kingdom. </p><p>Enumerative combinatorics is about counting mathematical objects. Selkirk explains: “Given five people and five chairs, in how many ways can we arrange the five people into the chairs? In this case there are 120 ways, which can be checked with simple counting arguments. As counting problems become more complex, more powerful methods, such as generating functions, are required. These counting methods can be used to analyse how much time it would take an algorithm to run – a topic that was covered during the school."</p><p>During the two weeks the 35 postgraduate students from 15 different African countries were introduced to topics such as Enumeration methods; Introduction to Analytic Combinatorics; Partitions and q-series; Tree enumeration and tree parameters; Permutation statistics; Analysis of algorithms; and using SageMath to generate combinatorial objects and experimental combinatorics, as well as packages for guessing generating functions and performing asymptotic expansions.</p><p>Attention was also given to the professional development of the participants. This included a workshop on having an online presence including instructions on how to build your own website. <a href="https://aims.edu.gh/researcher/angela-tabiri/">Dr Angela Tabiri</a> from the African Institute for Mathematical Sciences (AIMS) and known as the Maths Queen of Ghana, joined remotely to discuss effective presentation at conferences and networking techniques.  A group discussion about challenges faced by researchers in Africa and what can be done to overcome them, revealed how many researchers feel geographically isolated.</p><p>To overcome this feeling of “academic loneliness", Selkirk says they plan to start an online African Enumerative Combinatorics seminar: “The idea is to continue to connect participants after the school. With new academic connections and a background in Enumerative Combinatorics, we hope that more research groups working on this topic will form."</p><p>Apart from Selkirk, the courses were presented by <a href="https://math.sun.ac.za/ralaivaosaona/">Dimbinaina Ralaivaosaona</a> (SU), <a href="https://www.wits.ac.za/people/academic-a-z-listing/n/darlisonnyirendawitsacza/">Darlison Nyirenda</a> (University of the Witwatersrand), <a href="https://www.math.tugraz.at/~wagner/">Stephan Wagner</a> (Uppsala University, Sweden, and Graz University of Technology, Austria),  <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Olivia-Nabawanda-2">Olivia Nabawanda</a> (Mbarara University of Science & Technology, Uganda), <a href="https://www.cs.upc.edu/~duch/home/home.html">Amalia Duch-Brown</a> (Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain), and by <a href="https://wwwu.aau.at/cheuberg/">Clemens Heuberger</a> (University of Klagenfurt, Austria).</p><p>The main sponsors of the school were CIMPA and the International Centre for Mathematical Sciences' "<a href="https://www.icms.org.uk/funding-opportunities/mathematics-humanity-activities-worldwide">Mathematics for Humanity</a>" program. Other sponsors include: <a href="https://www.wits.ac.za/coe-mass/">DSTI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Mathematical and Statistical Sciences</a>; <a href="https://euromathsoc.org/committee-developing-countries">European Mathematical Society - Committee for Developing Countries</a>; <a href="https://www.mathunion.org/activities/commission-developing-countries-cdc">International Mathematical Union - Commission for Developing Countries</a>; <a href="https://www.lms.ac.uk/">London Mathematical Society</a>; <a href="https://nithecs.ac.za/">National Institute for Theoretical & Computational Sciences</a>; <a href="https://www.up.ac.za/nga-mass">National Graduate Academy for Mathematical and Statistical Sciences</a>; <a href="https://math.sun.ac.za/">Stellenbosch University Mathematics Division</a>; and the French Embassy.</p><p><strong>Contact us:</strong></p><p>Sarah Jane Selkirk – sarah.selkirk@warwick.ac.uk</p><p>Dimbinaina Ralaivaosaona – <a href="mailto:naina@sun.ac.za">naina@sun.ac.za</a><br></p><p>​<br></p>
Scientists tackle one of Africa’s most destructive invasive treeshttp://www.sun.ac.za/english/Lists/news/DispForm.aspx?ID=11071Scientists tackle one of Africa’s most destructive invasive treesWiida Fourie-Basson (media: Faculty of Science)<p><br><br></p><p>A major new book on the ecology and management of one of the most destructive invasive weeds in Africa,<em> </em>is now available online.</p><p>The book, titled <a href="https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/book/10.1079/9781800623644.0000"><em>The Ecology and Management of Invasive Prosopis Trees in Eastern Africa</em></a>, is the outcome of a large, decade-long collaborative research project, involving   six universities and eight institutes from Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, South Africa, Switzerland, and the United States of America (USA).</p><p>Click <a href="https://youtu.be/ep6tH6xZTX0?si=p50rX7tZ05ppgbh9">here</a> for a video documentary on Prosopis invasions in South Africa.</p><p>Between the 1970s and the 1990s, several <em>Prosopis</em> species, originally from the Americas, were introduced on a large scale to countries in Eastern Africa by international aid agencies to provide benefits such as timber, fodder and shade, and to combat desertification. </p><p>One of those species, <em>Prosopis juliflora</em>, subsequently became invasive and is now regarded as a classic example of a well-intentioned action gone wrong. In 2006, the detrimental effects of <em>Prosopis</em> invasions made international headlines when community members from Baringo County in Kenya brought <a href="https://allafrica.com/stories/200607110218.html#:~:text=Nairobi%20%E2%80%94%20Standing%20before%20three%20distinguished%20judges%20in%2cNairobi%20to%20present%20the%20unusual%20exhibit%20in%20court.">a toothless goat</a> to a Nairobi court as evidence of one of the many impacts of <em>Prosopis</em> pods on their livestock.</p><p>Prof. Brian van Wilgen, one of the editors of the book and emeritus professor in invasion biology at Stellenbosch University, says to date this tree has invaded close to ten million hectares (roughly the size of the Northwest Province) of land in eastern Africa.</p><p>“Although these trees were initially introduced for the benefits that they could provide, these benefits have subsequently been cancelled out and are now considerably exceeded by negative impacts," he says. </p><p>The negative effects of this “conflict" species are so encompassing that people are forced to leave their land to try and make a living elsewhere. The trees fundamentally change the structure and functioning of communal rangelands, croplands, wetlands and protected areas. Open savannas become dense, impenetrable stands of trees with little or no grass below them. In densely invaded areas, <em>Prosopis</em> trees can consume about 50% of the annual rainfall of the region, thus severely depleting groundwater resources and exacerbating the effects of a changing climate.</p><p>A significant finding is that the invasion in eastern Africa is still at a very early stage. If left uncontrolled, however, it is likely to expand to cover three quarters of Kenya and almost half of Ethiopia and Tanzania respectively. The economic costs of such a scenario could grow to USD 375 million per year. Kenya stands out as having the largest proportion of suitable areas for future invasions:  almost all its arid and semi-arid lands are at risk of being invaded if spread is not contained.</p><p><strong>Management of this pesky weed</strong></p><p>Van Wilgen says the book fills a major gap in the field of invasion biology, as African-based research is virtually non-existent in the peer-reviewed literature: “A review of the field of invasion biology in 2008 established that 2 670 research papers had been published in the peer-reviewed literature since 1980, but that only 3,4 % of these were from Africa, with three-quarters of those being from a single country, South Africa.</p><p>“This dearth of relevant understanding has dire consequences for the management of a significant environmental problem on the African continent," he warns.</p><p>The authors hope that the book will fill this gap and become the “go-to" source for policy- and decision makers in Africa.</p><p>Prof. Philip Hulme, distinguished professor of plant biosecurity in the Department of Pest-Management and Conservation at Lincoln University, New Zealand, writes in the Foreword that the book presents “an outstanding overview of the problems arising from misguided policies that favoured short-term results over longer-term environmental and social consequences.</p><p>“This robust evidence base that quantifies the negative impacts sends a clear warning to those individuals, institutions and organizations that continue to consider <em>Prosopis</em> species as valuable multipurpose trees. The prolific growth rate and high dispersal efficiency of <em>Prosopis</em> trees mean that, despite the best intentions of those seeking to use it as a multipurpose tree, the ultimate outcome has been widespread invasion and a subsequent worsening of the environment as well as the quality of human life."</p><p> <strong>About the project</strong></p><ul><li>Many of the findings and insights reported in this book arise from the research conducted under the Woody Weeds project that ran for ten years between 2015 and 2024 and was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation and the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation under the Swiss Programme for Research on Global Issues for Development, as well as the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation.</li><li>The book was edited by Brian W. van Wilgen (Stellenbosch University, South Africa), Urs Schaffner (Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux International, better known as CABI, Switzerland), Albrecht Ehrensperger (University of Bern, Switzerland) and Ketema Bekele (Haramaya University, Ethiopia) and is available online at <a href="https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/book/10.1079/9781800623644.0000">The Ecology and Management of Invasive Prosopis Trees in Eastern Africa | CABI Invasives Series</a><br></li></ul><p>​On the images above: Undernourished cattle in a rangeland invaded by <em>Prosopis juliflora</em> in Kenya. Note the total absence of grasses and other herbaceous plants. The second image shows <em>Prosopis juliflora</em> tree invasions along a river in the Bogoria District, Kenya. Photo credit: Urs Schaffner​</p><p><br></p>
Two SU students honoured at L’Oréal-UNESCO Awardshttp://www.sun.ac.za/english/Lists/news/DispForm.aspx?ID=11066Two SU students honoured at L’Oréal-UNESCO AwardsCorporate Communications and Marketing<p>​Two exceptional doctoral students from Stellenbosch University (SU), <strong>Pamela Ncube</strong> and <strong>Welile Nwamba</strong>, have been named recipients of the 2024 L'Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science Young Talents Sub-Saharan Africa Awards. </p><p>This prestigious accolade, which celebrates the achievements of African women scientists, recognises their groundbreaking research in addressing critical health challenges on the continent.</p><p>The awards, held annually by the Foundation L'Oréal and UNESCO, highlight the vital contributions of African women to scientific innovation. This year's 30 winners, chosen from nearly 800 applicants, include 25 PhD candidates and five post-doctoral researchers from 15 African countries. These women are advancing solutions to issues such as food security, public health and climate resilience. </p><p>This year's ceremony in Cotonou, Benin also marked the programme's 15th anniversary, celebrating its impact in empowering over 240 researchers across the region since inception.</p><p><strong>Improving TB detection in wildlife</strong></p><p>Ncube, a doctoral student in biological sciences at SU's Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, has been recognised for her pioneering research on animal tuberculosis (TB) caused by <em>Mycobacterium bovis</em>. Her study, the first of its kind, focuses on the effects of this lesser-known pathogen on wildlife, including species such as lions, warthogs and buffalos. By understanding how <em>Mycobacterium bovis</em> reacts in different environmental conditions, Ncube aims to develop novel diagnostic tools to enhance animal welfare, reduce unnecessary culling and support conservation efforts across Sub-Saharan Africa.</p><p>Ncube's passion for biomedical sciences was ignited during her undergraduate studies, when she developed an interest in the phenotypic nature of microorganisms. Her work, she explains, is not only about improving diagnostics, but also about minimising the financial and ecological consequences of tuberculosis outbreaks in wildlife. She is motivated to inspire young women and children from disadvantaged backgrounds to pursue their scientific dreams.</p><p>Ncube described the L'Oréal-UNESCO recognition as a testament to years of hard work, academic dedication, research, leadership and community engagement. She credited her success to the supportive academic environment and mentors who have consistently helped her reach her goals. </p><p>“As a woman in science, I have faced challenges such as self-doubt and limited funding," says Ncube. “This award serves as positive inspiration to young girls and women who may often feel discouraged to pursue their dreams due to challenging circumstances."</p><p><strong>Innovating diagnostics for extra-pulmonary TB</strong></p><p>Nwamba, a doctoral student in medical engineering at SU's Clinical Mycobacteriology and Epidemiology Group, is tackling extra-pulmonary TB, a condition that affects up to 30% of TB patients in Sub-Saharan Africa. This form of TB is often misdiagnosed due to its varied symptoms and limited diagnostic resources in rural areas. </p><p>Nwamba's research centres on developing a cost-effective, rapid urine test that simplifies the detection process, providing an accessible alternative to complex molecular diagnostics and imaging technologies.</p><p>“My innovative approach aims to accelerate TB diagnosis, particularly in low-resource settings, ultimately improving patients' quality of life," she explains. “Science is about offering diverse perspectives, breaking barriers and motivating future generations."<br></p><p>She is delighted and honoured to be recognised with the 2024 L'Oréal-UNESCO Award. “It is a wonderful accomplishment that marks a milestone in my career. It's a profound confirmation of my hard work and dedication that validates my resilience, perseverance and passion for science."​<br></p><p>Inspired by her lecturers during her first year at university, Nwamba envisions leading a research team dedicated to clinical advancements in tuberculosis. Her work highlights the transformative power of science to address pressing public health challenges while fostering inclusivity and diversity in research.</p><p><strong>The broader impact</strong></p><p>The achievements of these two researchers reflect the growing recognition of women's critical role in science. According to UNESCO, women represent 31,5% of researchers in Sub-Saharan Africa. The L'Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science programme not only provides financial support, but also equips award recipients with leadership, communication and negotiation skills to overcome systemic barriers and drive innovation.</p><p>“By investing in science and championing innovation, African societies can empower the next generation to tackle pressing environmental and health challenges," said Lidia Brito, UNESCO Assistant Director-General for Natural Sciences.</p><p>As part of a global initiative that has supported over 4 400 women researchers since 1998, the awards amplify the voices of women like Ncube and Nwamba who are paving the way for a more inclusive and sustainable future.<br></p><p><br></p>
First-ever sighting of rare siphonophore in False Bay, South Africahttp://www.sun.ac.za/english/Lists/news/DispForm.aspx?ID=11059First-ever sighting of rare siphonophore in False Bay, South AfricaFaculty of Science (media & communication)<p>​Scientists have recorded the first documented appearance of the rare siphonophore <em>Rhizophysa eysenhardtii</em> in False Bay, South Africa. Published in <a href="https://africaninvertebrates.pensoft.net/article/136267/"><em>African Invertebrates</em></a>, this discovery extends the known range of the species by 450 km and sheds more light on the biology of a fascinating and poorly known organism. It also highlights the unique and delicate biodiversity of the South African marine life and the Great African Seaforest.</p><p><em>​Rhizophysa eysenhardtii</em> is a siphonophore, a member of a remarkable group of marine organisms in the phylum Cnidaria, which also includes jellyfish, corals and sea anemones. Siphonophores are colonies of specialised individuals, called “zooids", that work together as one. This species was observed by freedivers between June and September 2022.</p><p>“When I saw this siphonophore for the first time, I got so excited and couldn't believe my eyes," said marine biologist Dr. Jannes Landschoff from the <a href="https://seachangeproject.com/">Sea Change Project</a>, who co-authored the study and found <em>Rhizophysa eysenhardtii</em> together with his team. “I immediately knew it was a special discovery, and I wanted to learn more about this exquisite life form." Landschoff is also a Research Fellow at the <a href="/english/pgstudies/Pages/Science/Botany-and-Zoology.aspx">Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University</a>.<br></p><p>“These animals are rarely documented despite their ecological importance," said first-author Dr Gill Mapstone from the Natural History Museum, London, who has dedicated her career to studying the morphology and systematics of siphonophores. The observations, captured via underwater photography and videography, revealed the siphonophore's characteristic pink tentacles and translucent bodies. Their diet was shown to include fish larvae, with one specimen even capturing a chaetognath, a predatory marine worm. “Seeing the photos of these spectacular animals made me realise once more why I started working on this group in the first place. They are just so incredible," Mapstone said.</p><p>This discovery has broader implications for understanding biodiversity in the region. Baseline data, such as species distribution records of rarely sampled animals, play important roles for monitoring this diverse and understudied ocean region. The presence of <em>R. eysenhardtii</em> in False Bay, within the Benguela Ecosystem, may signal shifts in marine species distribution driven by ocean currents or environmental changes.</p><p>The researchers highlight the importance of studying siphonophores and other small marine invertebrates to better understand their roles in ocean ecosystems. Protecting habitats like the Great African Seaforest is vital for preserving these species and the ecological services they provide.<br></p><p>This study is part of the <a href="https://seachangeproject.com/1001-seaforest-species/"><em>1001 Seaforest Species</em></a> initiative supported by and in collaboration with the <a href="https://saveourseas.com/project/1001-seaforest-species/">Save Our Seas Foundation</a>. While documenting 1001 species, the project merges marine biology research with environmental storytelling to raise local and global awareness about biodiversity's critical role in human survival and the Great African Seaforest's significance as a global beacon of biodiversity.</p><p>“Our findings underscore the need to safeguard marine biodiversity and improve documentation of rarely observed species," Landschoff concludes.<br></p><p><strong>Original article: </strong></p><p>Mapstone GM, Landschoff J (2024) The rare siphonophore <em>Rhizophysa eysenhardtii</em> Gegenbaur, 1859 (Hydrozoa, Siphonophora, Cystonectae) from False Bay, South Africa. African Invertebrates 65(2): 213-221.</p><p>Link to the study: [<a href="https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.65.136267">https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.65.136267</a><br></p><p><strong>Media links: </strong><br></p><p> <em>Instagram:</em> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/seachangeproject/?hl=en">https://www.instagram.com/seachangeproject/?hl=en</a></p><p>#1001species #1001seaforestspecies</p><p> <em>Facebook:</em> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/theseachangeproject/">https://www.facebook.com/theseachangeproject/</a></p><p><em>LinkedIn: </em><a href="https://za.linkedin.com/company/sea-change-project">https://za.linkedin.com/company/sea-change-project</a><br></p><p><br></p>
SU and Shoprite partnership empowers first cohort of data science graduateshttp://www.sun.ac.za/english/Lists/news/DispForm.aspx?ID=11045SU and Shoprite partnership empowers first cohort of data science graduatesFaculty of Science (media & communication)<p></p><p>A long-standing partnership between Stellenbosch University (SU) and the Shoprite Group has enabled the first cohort of graduates in the Data Science programme to engage with real life business challenges from the retail industry.</p><p>For their final year project in the Computer Science Division, for example, Günther Tonitz and Steffan Schoonbee tackled the hard question of promotional timing:  When is the right time to promote which item, and for how long? </p><p>“We quickly realised the much more difficult question was whether items on promotion actually lead to success from a retail perspective," explains Günther. In other words, if a customer buys five of the same items on promotion – what is known as pantry stocking – it may mean that they are not going to buy that product again for the next five months. </p><p>In another scenario, called off-target shopping, a customer may buy a promotional item, such as a soft drink, and then add a few bags of chips (that are not on promotion) for throwing a party, Steffan adds.</p><p>Which approach then, can be defined as a success?</p><p>To answer this question, the students were given access to two years' worth of data from one of the Shoprite Group's supermarkets.  It included 16 000 articles, equating to 78 000 promotional combinations. This dataset was further enhanced with stock movement data over a nine-month period, covering 18 000 articles. The dataset contained over 1 million stock movements. Working with 14 million sales transactions, Steffan and Gunther built a dashboard to predict the success of future promotions, based on the performance of previous promotions.</p><p>According to Debbie Vigario, Head of Engineering at the Shoprite Group's Data Analytics Office (and a SU alumnus), their approach is to provide students with real life business challenges: “We support them through the analytical development life cycle while challenging their thinking along the way. We assigned mentors to students and ensured that we engaged regularly to support and guide them."</p><p>With the launch of the B-degree in Data Science and the BEng Data Engineering programs in 2019, the Group engaged with the various faculty leadership on ways they could partner with SU on project work. This engagement led to the various real-life projects for final-year students in the Computer Science focal area within the BDatSci programme.</p><p>Dr. Mkhuseli Ngxande from SU's Computer Science Division says the BDatSci programme with a Computer Science focus emphasises technical expertise in software engineering, web development, and data science: “It equips students with practical skills to develop end-to-end solutions that are both innovative and well documented. This focal area is distinct from others like Economics and Management Sciences or AgriSciences, as it centres on technical implementation, computational problem-solving, and creating software-driven data solutions rather than applying data science concepts to domain-specific problems in business, agriculture, or environmental studies," he explains.</p><p>While this is the first cohort of five BDatSci graduates in the Computer Science focal area, there are another 20 to 25 students in the undergraduate pipeline.</p><p>He says it is challenging for students to gain access to large datasets independently due to privacy concerns, licensing restrictions, and the infrastructure needed to handle such data. Collaborations like those with Shoprite are invaluable in bridging this gap. </p><p>Prof. Ingrid Rewitzky, head of the Department of Mathematical Sciences and Vice-Dean: Teaching and Learning for the Faculty of Science, says the partnership with Shoprite contributes towards “enhancing student success through unlocking opportunities for work-integrated learning and for equipping students with skills and competencies to be competitive for their future employment applications".</p><p>The final-year BDatSci (CS) students are Dirk Hoffmann, Steffan Schoonbee, Shriyan Singh, Günther Tonitz, and Franco Uys.</p><p><strong>On the photo above:</strong></p><p>The first cohort of students in the Data Science Programme at Stellenbosch University (SU) graduated this week. This group, which graduated in the Computer Science focal area, were mentored by Debbie Vigario, Head of Engineering at the Shoprite Group's Data Analytics Office. The students are, from left to right, Dirk Hoffmann, Shriyan Singh, Steffan Schoonbee, and Günther Tonitz. Franco Uys was absent when the photo was taken.  <em>Image: Wiida Fourie-Basson</em></p><p><b>More about the long-standing partnership</b></p><p>The collaboration between SU and the retailer started in 2017 when the Shoprite Group engaged with the Operations Research programme in the Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences. In 2019 the retailer formed a relationship with Launchlab to sponsor students for incubation programs and engagements with the School for Data Science and Computational Thinking. Since 2023, the Group has an industry representative on the governing board of the Centre for Multi-Dimensional Visualisation in SU's <a href="/english/faculty/economy/MuViSU/Pages/vision-mission.aspx">Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science</a>. <br></p><p>​<br></p>
Master’s study brings us closer to safer, reversible male contraceptionhttp://www.sun.ac.za/english/Lists/news/DispForm.aspx?ID=11037Master’s study brings us closer to safer, reversible male contraceptionCorporate Communication and Marketing/Korporatiewe Kommunikasie en Bemarking [Alec Basson]<p>​A new study at Stellenbosch University (SU) shows that a safer, more effective, and reversible contraceptive for men is within reach.<br></p><p>Kyla Raoult, who obtained her master's degree in Polymer Science at SU's December graduation on Tuesday (10 December 2024), developed an on-demand reversible hydrogel that could be used as a reversible, non-hormonal birth control for men. A hydrogel is a soft jelly-like material that absorbs water and swells to form a 3D net-like network with pores.<br></p><p>Raoult says the idea is to inject the gel into the vas deferens – the tube that carries sperm out of testicles – where it swells in response to watery bodily fluids to create a semi-permeable barrier. Once swollen, the hydrogel's pores allow seminal fluid to pass but block the passage of sperm, as they are too large to fit through. The blocked sperm is then reabsorbed by the body, similar to what happens after a vasectomy. The gel, which forms in the vas deferens in under a minute, can be injected in a doctor's office.<br></p><p>“The hydrogel is designed to stay in place until the patient wants to restore fertility. This technology could help men reduce their fertility, without the usual side effects of hormone blockers, and then restore it when they're ready to start a family. It is important to note that the actual duration of contraception must still be studied and confirmed in clinical trials."<br></p><p>Raoult points out that the on-demand reversible hydrogel is based on two polymers (large synthetic molecules) that chemically react to form it. These polymers are also safe for use inside the body. <br></p><p>“By simply injecting a solution into the gel to reverse the process, the chemical bonds in the gel are broken, causing it to dissolve into a watery substance that can be flushed out."<br></p><p>When asked what inspired her to explore this specific approach to contraception, Raoult explains that most contraceptives are designed for females. <br></p><p>“Men's options are mostly limited to condoms, vasectomies and some hormone-based methods. Condoms aren't always 100% effective and since they are known to decrease sexual stimulation, they are often used incorrectly, if used at all. <br></p><p>“Vasectomies are excellent contraceptives, but their reversal often results in complications, and they are more of a permanent option. <br></p><p>“The hormonal options are still being tested, and their effectiveness has yet to be proven. They are also often associated with negative side effects. So, there is a clear need for a reversible, non-hormonal male contraceptive."<br></p><p>“Other hydrogels that are being developed rely on external massaging or vibrations to break them down, which often results in damage to the vas deferens. Our technology is designed to make reversibility quicker and easier," adds Raoult.  <br></p><p>She says there is a growing interest among men to help prevent unwanted pregnancies.<br></p><p>“If our technology can provide men with a safe, one-time insertion, easily reversible option, I believe that the idea of men contributing to the prevention of unplanned and often unwanted pregnancies will be realistic. Gender equality in contraception is important as both men and women should be responsible for contributing to safer sex practices."<br></p><p>Raoult notes that a well-known hydrogel contraceptive called RISUG (Reversible Inhibition of Sperm Under Guidance) was developed about a decade ago in India. It was made from a polymer that is the focus of the Klumperman Research Group, led by her supervisor, Professor Bert Klumperman, from SU's Department of Chemistry & Polymer Science. Her project builds on previous work done in the group to make this technology better and more reversible.<br></p><p>Raoult explains that, since the project is still in its developmental stage and needs further laboratory studies before clinical trials, it is not possible to estimate when the technology will be available on the market.<br></p><p>​She has already started working for a US-based biotechnology company, NEXT Life Sciences, that is busy developing hydrogels for male contraception.<br></p><p></p><ul><li><strong>Photo</strong>: Kyla Raoult at the graduation ceremony. <strong>Photographer</strong>: Stefan Els</li></ul><p></p><p>​<br></p>
Meet Joel and Veer – duo behind the SASSA fraud exposure http://www.sun.ac.za/english/Lists/news/DispForm.aspx?ID=11031Meet Joel and Veer – duo behind the SASSA fraud exposure Wiida Fourie-Basson (Media: Faculty of Science)<p>They must be the two most recognizable first year computer science students in South Africa.</p><p>Stellenbosch University (SU) students <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/veer-gosai/">Veer Gosai</a> (19) and <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/joel-cedras-053bba2ab/">Joel Cedras</a> (18) met each other in April 2024 during a computer science tutorial. The two immediately hit it off when they started talking about their own IT projects, developed while still at school.</p><p>Veer, who matriculated from Fourways High School in Johannesburg, has been building and managing free educational websites since high school. <a href="https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https://www.sapapers.co.za/&data=05%7c02%7c%7c1f28f1afdf3c410cb7ae08dd108a6acd%7ca6fa3b030a3c42588433a120dffcd348%7c0%7c0%7c638684908871006713%7cUnknown%7cTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7c0%7c%7c%7c&sdata=arifUWOtaMDTHPGg7M0Vgut%2Bpd53oSuoxKifgyyVJ4w%3D&reserved=0">SA Papers</a> is a past exam papers website for primary and high school learners in South Africa which has received over three million visitors in 2024. He is now building similar websites and mobile apps for learners in <a href="https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https://www.rwandapapers.co.rw/&data=05%7c02%7c%7c1f28f1afdf3c410cb7ae08dd108a6acd%7ca6fa3b030a3c42588433a120dffcd348%7c0%7c0%7c638684908871029676%7cUnknown%7cTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7c0%7c%7c%7c&sdata=wQ1vG/j2k72AStpD%2BmNFqthMFAyhx08x1yt2UEulQNc%3D&reserved=0">Rwanda</a>, <a href="https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https://www.zambiapapers.co.zm/&data=05%7c02%7c%7c1f28f1afdf3c410cb7ae08dd108a6acd%7ca6fa3b030a3c42588433a120dffcd348%7c0%7c0%7c638684908871043837%7cUnknown%7cTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7c0%7c%7c%7c&sdata=6zyjOkJOiDWp0FBIwxXPBk7sGjjBr5UHjGUhqJM08JA%3D&reserved=0">Zambia</a>, and other developing countries </p><p>Joel, an alumnus of Protea Heights Academy in Brackenfell, has been coding since he was at primary school. Outside academia he is a <a href="https://joelcedras.dev/">freelance web developer</a>, building websites for small businesses and non-profits. </p><p>Since that first meeting, their friendship – and computer skills – have taken them on a whirlwind journey. After exposing major weaknesses in SASSA's social grant payment system and fraud in the application for the Social Relief of Distress (SRD) Grant, published in <a href="https://groundup.org.za/article/we-discovered-flaws-massive-fraud-in-sassas-srd-system/">GroundUp</a>, they have been summoned to <a href="https://www.youtube.com/live/hK-LFmxZ-dU?si=ejy4EswieM1jF9uA">Parliament</a> and have given interviews to television stations, radio and print media such as eNCA, Cape Talk, PowerFM, IOL, You Magazine, Die Burger, the SABC and countless more. </p><p>Recently Ms Nokuzola Tolashe, Minister for Social Development, commended the two students for bringing these findings to light. </p><p>Veer says most of the code involved in exposing the SASSA fraud has been in JavaScript, which they learnt while still at school. During their first year at university, they learnt how to write efficient and readable code, including Python. </p><p>With all this knowledge and skills combined, the pair is on a mission to improve the IT systems of public institutions and private sector companies in South Africa for the public good: “We are two first-year computer science students studying at Stellenbosch University, and we find vulnerabilities in various government and private-sector systems using publicly available internet resources," Veer and Joel explain.</p><p>Are there any more investigations in the pipeline?</p><p>“We are currently working on a few new investigations besides the SASSA and <a href="https://groundup.org.za/article/this-mobile-provider-failing-to-implement-rica-law/">Me&You RICA Fraud</a> issue which involve vulnerabilities we've found in many private companies," they add.</p><p>In this regard, they work closely with the editor-in-chief of GroupdUp, Dr Nathan Geffen, to bring these stories to light: “Nathan has been instrumental in guiding us on how to approach this ethically. He helped us in reporting the various matters to relevant people and departments and helped us draft our articles. He has been an asset in analysing our findings, as he also has a Computer Science and data-driven background. His platform, GroundUp, has allowed us to publish our damning findings, which are of extreme public importance, and his team has guided us to succeed in doing this."</p><p>All in all, the two are unfazed about their celebrity status: “The media and public view our findings in a positive manner. We are very happy that SASSA, the Department of Social Development, the Portfolio Committee on Social Development and the South African public all agree that the issues in the SRD system need to be resolved urgently as it negatively affects the most vulnerable people. </p><p>“We are grateful to the public for seeing the importance of this matter, and we are grateful to the various news platforms for reporting on the matter," they conclude.</p><p>Below are quick links to their exposes and briefing to the Parliamentary Portfolio Committee on Social Development:</p><p><a href="https://groundup.org.za/article/we-discovered-flaws-massive-fraud-in-sassas-srd-system/">https://groundup.org.za/article/we-discovered-flaws-massive-fraud-in-sassas-srd-system/</a></p><p><a href="https://groundup.org.za/article/social-grant-fraud-sassas-responses-inspire-no-confidence/">https://groundup.org.za/article/social-grant-fraud-sassas-responses-inspire-no-confidence/</a></p><p><a href="https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/media-alert-social-development-committee-be-briefed-alleged-weaknesses-sassas-social-grant-payment-system">https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/media-alert-social-development-committee-be-briefed-alleged-weaknesses-sassas-social-grant-payment-system</a></p><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/live/hK-LFmxZ-dU?si=ejy4EswieM1jF9uA">https://www.youtube.com/live/hK-LFmxZ-dU?si=ejy4EswieM1jF9uA</a></p><p><a href="https://groundup.org.za/article/this-mobile-provider-failing-to-implement-rica-law/">https://groundup.org.za/article/this-mobile-provider-failing-to-implement-rica-law/</a>​<br></p><p>On the photo above, Joel Cedras and Veer Gosai. Photo: Stefan Els<br></p>