| €7.5 million grant awarded to research combining maths and theoretical computer science | https://www.sun.ac.za/english/Lists/news/DispForm.aspx?ID=11029 | | €7.5 million grant awarded to research combining maths and theoretical computer science | Faculty of Science (media & communication) | <p><br>Prof. Florian Luca, a number theorist in Stellenbosch University's (SU) <a href="https://mathsci.sun.ac.za/">Department of Mathematical Sciences</a>, is one of three principal investigators who have been awarded a <a href="https://erc.europa.eu/news-events/news/erc-2024-synergy-grants-results">Synergy Grant</a> to the value of €7.5 million (about R143,1 million) from the European Research Council (ERC).</p><p>The other two principal investigators are Prof. Valérie Berthé from the French Institut de recherche en informatique fondamentale at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) at the University Paris Cité, and Prof. Joël Ouaknine, Scientific Director at the Max Planck Institute for Software Systems (MPI-SWS) in Saarbrücken, Germany.</p><p>The <a href="https://erc.europa.eu/news-events/news/erc-2024-synergy-grants-results">ERC Synergy Grants</a> foster collaboration between outstanding researchers, enabling them to combine their expertise, knowledge and resources to push the boundaries of scientific discovery. The funding is part of the European Union's Horizon Europe research and innovation programme. The competition for this year's funding round was intense, with only 57 (10.4%) proposals out of a total of 548 succeeding.</p><p>Over the next six years, this multidisciplinary team from the fields of number theory and theoretical computer science are taking a “high-risk, high gains" approach to tackle one of the key computational challenges represented by so-called “discrete dynamical systems" – that is, systems that change over time following specific rules.</p><p>According to a <a href="https://www.mpi-sws.org/news/">media release</a> issued by the Max Planck Institute, creating algorithmic solutions to make these systems amenable to automated verification techniques remain a major challenge, especially in fields such as program analysis and computer-aided verification to artificial intelligence and theoretical biology.</p><p>“The paradigm of 'model checking' is a powerful method that allows us to automatically verify, with mathematical certainty, whether a system behaves as intended," explains Prof. Ouaknine. However, many discrete dynamical systems cannot currently be verified with the available model-checking approaches.</p><p>One of the leading objectives of this new research project, titled “Dynamical and Arithmetical Model Checking (DynAMiCs)" is to substantially broaden the classes of dynamical systems and properties that can be algorithmically handled via model checking. Specifically, it aims to tackle longstanding mathematical challenges, such as the Skolem Problem, that could lead to breakthroughs in understanding and verifying the behavior of other complex systems.</p><p>Prof. Luca says their successful proposal is based on a very firm research foundation: “My cooperation with Joël's team started in late 2019. At that time, I was a visitor at the Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in Bonn and he and his team came from Saarbrücken looking for mathematicians who would be interested in working on problems from the field of theoretical computer science."</p><p>Since Prof. Luca is already well-known as a “<a href="/english/Lists/news/DispForm.aspx?ID=10803">problem-solver</a>" amongst peers and colleagues, the Saarbrücken team was advised to meet with him. </p><p>“Since that first meeting, I would spend a few months per year at the Max Planck Institute for Software Systems working with Joël and his group. By now we have published some 15 papers in which we made substantial progress on some hard problems. The idea of applying for an ERC grant came at a workshop in Barbados in May last year where Valérie from CNRS, Joël and I were all present and for the next five months we worked on the proposal," he explains.</p><p>It took 11 months and various steps, including an in-person interview at the ERC headquarters in Brussels on 10 September 2024, where they had to present their project and answer questions from a panel of 20 specialists. </p><p>Prof. Luca says most of the grant will be used to hire postdoctoral fellows and PhD students to help advance the project and contribute to training a new generation of researchers. The team is also planning two summer schools and several seminars and workshops.</p><p>While he will be working at the Max Planck Institute for six months of the year, his research group here at SU will work on the project full time. There will also be opportunities for exchange programmes between the institutions and many other collaborators involved.</p><p>For now, postgraduate students interested in joining this project should watch out for the first advertisements going out in December and January next year. The project starts officially in March 2025, and Prof. Luca will leave for his first stint of six months at the Max Planck Institute after the end of the first semester.</p><p>“Because of my unique position of being able to cooperate with both the National Research Foundation via SU and being a principal investigator of an ERC funded team, I hope to be able to bring some South African students and postdocs to either be part of the ERC team or to visit for various periods of time with the above (or some other similar) opportunity," he concludes.</p><p>Prof. Ingrid Rewitzky, SU's Head of the Department of Mathematical Sciences and the Faculty of Science Vice-Dean: Teaching and Learning, congratulated Prof. Luca on this excellent achievement: “We are excited about the opportunities for researchers, postgraduate students and postdoctoral fellows to collaborate with this inspiring DynAMiCs team. As a department, we look forward to hosting team members of the DynAMiCs project for research visits, collaboration and jointly hosting research workshops and seminars."<br></p><p><em>Image credit: Stefan Els</em><br></p><p><br></p> |
| Tiny microbes called up in fight against climate change | https://www.sun.ac.za/english/Lists/news/DispForm.aspx?ID=10985 | | Tiny microbes called up in fight against climate change | Wiida Fourie-Basson (Media: Faculty of Science) | <p></p><p>Prof. Thulani Makhalanyane from Stellenbosch University is one of 18 leading microbiologists worldwide, representing 24 microbiology scientific societies and institutions, urging international governments to deploy microbes against climate change.</p><p>In a paper published across 14 international journals on the same day – regarded as an unprecedented accomplishment to emphasise the urgency of this call to action – the group of 18 outlines six simple microbial “vaccines" that could be fast-tracked to address the widespread impacts of climate change.</p><p>According to an international media release, the impacts of climate change are of a much bigger and more widespread scale than the COVID-19 pandemic: “Catastrophic weather events are claiming lives at an alarming rate, feeding the global population has never been harder due to loss of crop yields, and sea level rise is claiming entire nations across the Pacific".</p><p>According to Prof. Makhalanyane, they are advocating for the incorporation of microbial community data in ongoing discussions linked to the Conference of Parties (COP) and other United Nations bodies: “These agencies have advocated for special protection areas, but there is a lack of understanding regarding the potential feedbacks from microbial activities and the fact that these may lessen, or worsen, the effects of climate change," he warns.</p><p>In the case of coral reefs, for example, the symbiotic host-microbiome relationship between corals and their microbes has been replaced by pathogenic (i.e., dysbiotic) interactions. This has led to ongoing coral bleaching events and potentially the extinction of these “rainforests of the sea"' in our own lifetime. </p><p>According to the microbiologists there exists a wealth of evidence that microbes and the microbiome have untapped potential as viable climate solutions – but only if these solutions are fast-tracked and employed on a global scale.</p><p>In the instance of carbon sequestration, for example, they argue for the incorporation of microbial community data in current climate models: “These models do not consider the fact that microbial communities contribute substantially to carbon sequestration and there doesn't appear to be a plan on how to do this," Makhalanyane explains.</p><p>We furthermore lack an understanding regarding the full extent of microbial diversity in Africa's diverse and unique environments: “In order to apply the 'remedies' it is important to know what microorganisms are harboured in African ecosystems. We urgently need to expand studies on African microbiomes and this has been a focus of our research at Stellenbosch. For example, to think about the fertilizer revolution, and applications to African farmlands, we need to isolate bacteria from these soils for long term sustainable development," Makhalanyane adds. </p><p>The list of microbial solutions the group are calling for include:<br></p><ul><li><strong>Carbon sequestration boosters </strong>-<strong> </strong>Using microbes to help lock carbon into soils and oceans, cutting down CO₂ in the atmosphere and enriching soil for better crop growth.</li><li><strong>Methane busters </strong>-<strong> </strong>Incorporating bacteria into landfill sites to reduce the methane that litter emits. This can also be applied to livestock farms and wetlands.</li><li><strong>Microbial bioenergy </strong>- Using algae, yeast, sugarcane, vegetable oils and animal fats to make biofuels that replace the need for fossil fuel.</li><li><strong>Pollution fighters </strong>- Using microbes to breakdown the pollutants in industrial waste from construction sites, cleaning up contaminated land and water.</li><li><strong>Microbiome therapy </strong>- Changing the diet of cows to reduce the methane they produce.</li><li><strong>Fertilizer revolution </strong>- Replacing synthetic nitrogen in fertilizers with natural bacteria to improve air and water quality.</li></ul><p>Prof. Raquel Peixoto from King Abdullah University of Science and Technology and president of the International Society for Microbial Ecology, says in the media release that their call to action is to recognize the urgency of addressing the climate crisis by developing an emergency framework of simple solutions. <br></p><p>The scientific societies and institutions involved are already working together and ready to quickly compose a “task force" to support stakeholders and facilitate the development and deployment of these solutions.</p><p>“We encourage all relevant initiatives, governments, and stakeholders to reach out to us at <a href="mailto:climate@isme-microbes.org">climate@isme-microbes.org</a>. We are ready and willing to use our expertise, data, time, and support for immediate action," they conclude.</p><p>The paper titled “<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41564-024-01861-0">Microbial solutions must be deployed against climate catastrophe</a>" was published in the following journals simultaneously: <em>Sustainable Microbiology</em>, <em>ISME Journal</em>, <em>mSystems</em>, <em>FEMS Microbiology Ecology</em>, <em>Nature</em> <em>Microbiology</em>, <em>Nature Reviews</em>, <em>Microbiology</em>, <em>Nature Reviews Earth and Environment</em>, <em>Nature Communications</em>, <em>Communications Biology</em>, <em>Communications Earth and Environment</em>, <em>npj Biodiversity</em>, <em>npj Biofilms and Microbiomes</em>, <em>npj Climate Action</em>, <em>npj Sustainable Agriculture</em>.<br></p> |
| Maths and science teachers gather at SU to tackle gap between high school and university | https://www.sun.ac.za/english/Lists/news/DispForm.aspx?ID=10990 | | Maths and science teachers gather at SU to tackle gap between high school and university | Faculty of Science (media and communication) | <p>More than fifty mathematics and physical science teachers from Western Cape high schools gathered at Stellenbosch University (SU) this week for the annual Maths and Science Teachers' Forum (MSTF).</p><p>The MSTF is an initiative of the Faculty of Science to bridge the gap between teachers and first year lecturers in the fields of the fundamental sciences. </p><p><img src="/english/PublishingImages/Lists/dualnews/My%20Items%20View/MSTF_1.png" alt="MSTF_1.png" style="margin:5px;" /><br><br></p><p>Mariétta van den Worm, Directory: Faculty Management, says the primary objectives of the MSTF are to bridge the curriculum knowledge gap between teachers and lecturers; to build meaningful and impactful relationships that can aid in the recruitment, selection, admission, and preparedness of prospective first year science students; and fostering collaborations for curriculum engagements, upskilling, and social impact.</p><p>“The idea is for the faculty to host teachers for insightful events where they can engage with the lecturers and together address possible challenges that first year students encounter in the curriculum," she explains. </p><p>This is the second such event this year hosted in partnership with SU's Division Student Recruitment. According to Christelle Feyt, Senior Director: Student Recruitment, the partnership with the Faculty of Science is in line with the integrated recruitment strategy approved by Rectorate at the end of 2023. </p><p>“The Integrated Student Recruitment Strategy rests on five pillars, of which collaborative partnerships with faculties and external stakeholders, such as teachers, feature prominently. The strategy also makes provision for the establishment of communities of practice for student recruitment and widening participation," she adds.</p><p>The first community of practice for undergraduate student recruitment was established in June: “All faculty staff involved with recruitment and the Division Student Recruitment were brought together to enable colleagues across faculties to share best practices in student recruitment, institutional knowledge and resources, and to promote open communication, flexibility and agility in meeting the expectations and needs of prospective students and their influencer groups, such as parents and teachers," she concludes.<br></p><p><img src="/english/PublishingImages/Lists/dualnews/My%20Items%20View/MSTF_2.png" alt="MSTF_2.png" style="margin:5px;" /><br></p><p>During this week's event, teachers were welcomed by Prof. Bertie Fielding, Dean of the Faculty of Science, while first year students shared stories about how they were inspired by their primary and secondary teachers to study mathematics and physical sciences. First year lecturers such as Dr Philip Southey demonstrated some of the many career opportunities in the natural sciences that are not in the fields of engineering or medicine, while Dr Riana Roux showed graphs of the many fields of study where mathematics is a requirement. </p><p>“In other words," she emphasized, “if learners choose to rather pursue Mathematics Literacy, it will drastically reduce future study options."</p><p>After the event, several teachers expressed their appreciation for the initiative. More than one asked for similar engagements in the future. While they appreciated the “contagious enthusiasm" of the first-year lecturers and students, they also emphasised that teachers' concerns should be acknowledged more, and that it may be beneficial in future to include curriculum experts from the Western Cape Department of Education. </p><p><em>Images: Henk Oets</em></p> |
| Physics postgrads reap 5 out of 10 awards at ICO-26 | https://www.sun.ac.za/english/Lists/news/DispForm.aspx?ID=10977 | | Physics postgrads reap 5 out of 10 awards at ICO-26 | Faculty of Science (media & communication) | <p></p><p>Postgraduate students in Stellenbosch University's (SU) Department of Physics walked away with five of the ten student awards during the recent <a href="https://ico26.com/">26th Congress of the International Commission for Optics</a> (ICO-26) hosted at SU.</p><p>Dr Yaseera Ismail, chair of the organizing committee and a quantum physicist at SU, says this is the first time for the ICO-congress to take place on African soil: “This year, we significantly lowered the registration fee so that more South African students could participate. Normally, these meetings are so expensive that we can barely afford to send one or two students to attend."</p><p>The award-winning students are Eugene Fouché (Best PhD Poster), Pashlene Naidoo (Best MSc Poster), Conrad Strydom (Innovative Research award), Tebogo Ledwaba (Industry-focused award), and Kelsey Everts (Best Poster on Advances in Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy).</p><p>Conrad, a PhD student in quantum physics, says it was a wonderful opportunity to attend and present at ICO26: “I could listen to some of the most exciting and cutting-edge research taking place in optics and photonics. Being awarded the prize for the most innovative research is a great inspiration to continue in this field."</p><p>For Tebogo Ledwaba, a PhD student in photonics, it was a daunting experience to stand next to her poster and having students and professors approach her with questions: “I'm usually more interested in other people's work, asking them questions out of genuine curiosity. I often don't share much about my own research unless they ask," she explains.</p><p>For her, ICO-26 was especially interesting: “I got to learn about various applications of light. I also learned, for the first time, about visible light telescopes and optical frequency combs," she adds.</p><p><strong>World-renowned speakers</strong></p><p>As chair of the organizing committee, Dr Ismail also arranged a public lecture on the SU Campus by the 2018 Nobel Laureate in Physics, Prof. Donna Strickland, who is currently a professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Waterloo, Canada.</p><p>Another Nobel Laureate in Physics (2023) was Prof. Anne L'Hullier from Lund University, Sweden. She led discussions on nonlinear optics, high-intensity lasers, and the evolution of attosecond science. </p><p>Other notable speakers included Prof. Juan Yin from the University of Science and Technology, China, and Prof. Gerd Leuchs from the Max Planck Institute and OPTICA president. They covered transformative topics, from space-based quantum physics to classical optics. Prof. Carlos Hernandez-Garzia, a recipient of the ICO award for 2023, presented on attosecond pulse structuring, while other speakers shared their work in areas like phototonics, programmable phototonics, and optical manipulation.</p><p>“As a first for Africa, ICO-26 laid the groundwork for ongoing international cooperation in advancing optics research and its real-world applications," Dr Ismail concludes.</p><p><em>On the photo, from left to right: Conrad Strydom (PhD student in quantum physics), Dr Yaseera Ismail, Tebogo Ledwaba (PhD student in photonics), Pashlene Naidoo (MSc student in quantum physics), Kelsey Everts (MSc student in photonics), and Eugene Fouché (PhD student in photonics). Credit: Wiida Fourie-Basson</em></p> |
| SU experts honoured by the Academy of Science of SA | https://www.sun.ac.za/english/Lists/news/DispForm.aspx?ID=10956 | | SU experts honoured by the Academy of Science of SA | Corporate Communication and Marketing Division (CCMD) | <p>Five senior academics from Stellenbosch University (SU) were among the 44 leading scholars and scientists inaugurated as new members of the <a href="https://eur01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https://www.assaf.org.za/&data=05%7c01%7cltshifura%40uj.ac.za%7c0ea55029350f49787b0608dbe447f0c7%7cfa785acd36ef41bc8a9489841327e045%7c1%7c0%7c638354769897779363%7cUnknown%7cTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7c3000%7c%7c%7c&sdata=QoCo/xkbJvbu2opUeCloX%2Bo0KSz3LUFCLgyvy2lUE4o%3D&reserved=0">Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf)</a> at the annual Awards Ceremony on 23 October. At the event, two young researchers from SU were welcomed to the South African Young Academy of Science (SAYAS).</p><p>As the official national Academy of South Africa, ASSAf has as core function to honour the country's most outstanding scholars by electing them to membership of the Academy. ASSAf members are drawn from the full spectrum of disciplines. The 44 new ASSAf members bring the total membership of ASSAf to 730.</p><p><strong>Two of the five newly elected ASSAf members from SU are from the Faculty of Science. </strong>They are <strong>Prof Resia Pretorius,</strong> a Distinguished Research Professor in the Department of Physiological Sciences, and <strong>Prof Johann Rohwer,</strong> Professor of Systems Biology in the Department of Biochemistry.</p><p>The other SU academics are <strong>Prof Reinette Biggs</strong>, Co-director: Centre for Sustainability Transitions (CST) and DST/NRF SARChI Chairholder in Social-Ecological Systems and Resilience; <strong>Prof Anna-Maria Oberholster,</strong> Professor of Genetics: Genetics Department, Faculty of AgriSciences SU experts honoured by the Academy of Science of SA; and <strong>Prof Frank Tanser,</strong> Professor of Global Health and Director of Population Health Innovation at the Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation</p><p>ASSAf represents the country in the international community of science academies. The Academy mobilises its members – internationally renowned scholars elected by their peers – to provide authoritative advice to government and other stakeholders based on scientifically rigorous analysis of evidence and consensus of diverse experts. In addition, ASSAf also recognises and rewards scholarly achievement and excellence in the application of scientific thinking for the benefit of society.</p><p>New Members are elected each year by the full existing membership. Membership of the Academy is a great honour and is in recognition of scholarly achievement. Members are the core asset of the Academy and give of their time and expertise voluntarily in the service of society.</p><p>SU Vice-Chancellor and Rector Prof Wim de Villiers extended congratulations to the new cohort of scholars inaugurated into ASSAf. “This honour reflects their academic excellence and dedication to societal impact. I am especially proud of our SU academics among them, whose achievements propel our vision to lead as Africa's foremost research-intensive university, inspiring our community and advancing impactful research across South Africa and beyond," De Villiers said.</p><p>Prof Sibusiso Moyo, Deputy Vice-Chancellor: Research, Innovation and Postgraduate Studies at SU, said it was a huge honour for SU academics to join the ranks of ASSAf. “They all embody the academic excellence and innovative spirit that Stellenbosch University stands for. Their contribution to advancing knowledge in their respective fields and fostering Stellenbosch University's commitment to research excellence, as well and contribution to skills training for Masters and Doctoral candidates, and 'grantship' is acknowledged. I wish them the best as they continue to push the knowledge boundaries beyond 2024," Moyo said.</p><p><strong>ASSAf Young Academy new members</strong></p><p>During the ASSAf Awards Ceremony, the South African Young Academy of Science (SAYAS) inaugurated ten new members. Two academics from SU have been welcomed to SAYAS - <strong>Dr Yaseera Ismail</strong> is a Senior Lecturer at SU who specialises in Quantum Information Communication and Processing and <strong>Dr Caitlin Uren</strong> is a lecturer in Human genetics, bioinformatics and pharmacogenetics.</p><p>SAYAS was launched in 2011 to enable South Africa's young scientists to fully participate in local and internationally relevant research and development agendas.</p><p>It provides a national platform where leading young scientists from all disciplines in the country can interact and access international networking and career development opportunities. </p><p>SAYAS members are young scientists below the age of 40, have PhDs and are deemed excellent in their fields of expertise. SAYAS members come from all disciplines including pure and applied sciences, humanities, social sciences and the arts.<br></p><p><br></p> |
| Building capacity in climate-smart agriculture in South Africa | https://www.sun.ac.za/english/Lists/news/DispForm.aspx?ID=10946 | | Building capacity in climate-smart agriculture in South Africa | Michele Carstens, SUWI | <p></p><p style="text-align:justify;">The Erasmus project, <a href="https://www.cove-sa.eu/">Centres of Vocational Excellence (CoVE) in Climate Smart Agriculture in South Africa</a>, celebrated its halfway mark with the CoVE South Africa Conference in Paarl on 15 October 2024. </p><p style="text-align:justify;">This European Union funded initiative is aimed at assisting TVET colleges to form local CoVE hubs which will support farmers and assist students to become responsive, digitally skilled, and sustainable-oriented sector professionals. The conference was followed by a series of training workshops during the rest of the week.</p><p style="text-align:justify;">The first half of the project was focused on training workshops bringing the EU-CoVE concept into the South African context and using these hubs to link the colleges to the industry. Important milestones reached to date, amongst others, were the launch of the three regional CoVE hubs at Boland, West Coast and Lovedale in March, and the signing of the Letters of Intent with the respective stakeholders. </p><p style="text-align:justify;">The conference was hosted by Casidra (SOC) Limited and was attended by delegates from Boland, Lovedale, and West Coast Colleges, AgriColleges International, Stellenbosch University (SU), Mendel University (Ceczh Republic) and Maastricht University (Netherlands).</p><p style="text-align:justify;">In his opening address, Prof. Burtram Fielding, Dean of the SU Faculty of Science , emphasised the importance of collaboration between the different educational institutions. </p><p style="text-align:justify;">On a regional level the project-related activities for the next six months were shared by the respective colleges followed by a workshop session on how these activities can be supported on a national level. The day was concluded by a tour and celebration dinner at the Klein Goederust Boutique Winery. </p><p style="text-align:justify;">During the rest of the week the training workshops focused on the following topics: cultural diversity; EU-values; leadership strategies and skills; and project management and monitoring. These workshops were held at the AgroHub and the Stellenbosch University Water Institute (SUWI) as well as Casidra (SOC) Limited. The delegates were also introduced to innovative greenhouse technologies during an excursion trip to the HortiDemoCentre at SU's Faculty of AgriSciences. </p><p style="text-align:justify;">For more information related to the project, contact Manuel Jackson at <a href="mailto:jacksonm@sun.ac.za">jacksonm@sun.ac.za</a></p> |
| Quantum technologies can fuel innovation, economic growth – Prof Francesco Petruccione | https://www.sun.ac.za/english/Lists/news/DispForm.aspx?ID=10932 | | Quantum technologies can fuel innovation, economic growth – Prof Francesco Petruccione | Corporate Communication and Marketing/Korporatiewe Kommunikasie en Bemarking | <p>Prof Francesco Petruccione from the School for Data Science and Computational Thinking at Stellenbosch University (SU) delivered his inaugural lecture on Wednesday 23 October 2024. The title of his lecture was “The adjacent quantum: Bridging theory and technology for a quantum future".<br></p><p>Petruccione, who is also the Director of the National Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences (NITheCS), headquartered at SU, spoke to the Corporate Communication and Marketing Division about how quantum technologies can spark breakthroughs in medicine and biotechnology, boost data security, revolutionise industries and create educational and career opportunities for the next generation of scientists and engineers.</p><p><strong>Tell us more about your research and why you became interested in this specific field.</strong></p><p>I've always been captivated by the role of randomness in shaping the world. This curiosity led me to dive into statistical physics (studying how large groups of tiny particles behave by using statistics) and stochastic processes (processes where the outcome is not completely predictable), where I learned to embrace uncertainty as a powerful way to understand complex systems. Eventually, this journey brought me to quantum mechanics, where probability isn't just an abstract idea—it's the core of everything. </p><p>My research now focuses on quantum computing (harnessing the unique qualities of quantum mechanics to solve problems much faster than regular computers), quantum communication (using the principles of quantum physics to carry data in a super safe way), and open quantum systems (quantum systems that interact with their surrounding environment), exploring how these technologies can transform computing and secure communications and offer new insights into biological processes and technology.</p><p><strong>How would you describe the relevance of your work?</strong></p><p>Quantum computing has the potential to tackle problems that classical computers just can't handle—like cracking complex codes, designing new materials, and revolutionising drug discovery. Quantum communication, with its security based on the principles of physics rather than mathematical assumptions, is becoming crucial as our digital world keeps expanding. </p><p>By studying open quantum systems, we're trying to get a clearer picture of how quantum processes interact with their surroundings—a vital step towards creating stable, dependable quantum technologies. Plus, bringing quantum concepts into biology might unlock deep insights into how life works, sparking breakthroughs in medicine and biotechnology.</p><p><strong>What are some current contributions of quantum science and technology, and what potential do they hold for improving our daily lives?</strong></p><p>Quantum science and technology are already making real contributions, and there's so much more potential waiting to be explored. Take quantum key distribution, for example—it's already boosting data security, which is crucial in today's digital age. Quantum sensors are also making waves, delivering unmatched precision in everything from medical imaging to environmental monitoring.</p><p>Looking ahead, quantum computing could completely change how we solve complex problems, whether it's simulating molecular interactions, developing new materials, or optimising logistical networks. In biology, diving into quantum phenomena could unlock major breakthroughs in understanding the fundamental mechanisms of life, with big implications for healthcare and biotech.</p><p><strong>What are some of the most recent advances in quantum machine learning?</strong></p><p>Recent breakthroughs are bringing fresh ways to handle data processing and analysis, opening up opportunities that go beyond classical methods. Quantum algorithms are being developed to tackle tasks like data classification, clustering, and pattern recognition, using the unique quantum properties of superposition and entanglement to offer real advantages when working with complex datasets.</p><p>In astrophysics, we're exploring quantum machine learning to handle the massive amounts of data coming from telescopes and simulations. For instance, we've successfully used quantum machine learning to classify pulsars (fast-spinning neutron stars that send out beams of radio waves) with data from the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) radio telescope project. In the medical field, quantum machine learning has huge potential to revolutionise diagnostics and personalised treatment by quickly analysing complex datasets like genomic sequences and medical imaging—leading to faster, more precise healthcare solutions.</p><p><strong>As a professor of quantum computing, how do you view the significance of this field for South Africa and globally?</strong></p><p>I see quantum computing as a game-changer for both South Africa and the world. Its potential to solve problems that classical computers struggle with makes it a key driver for progress in areas like material science, chemistry, and data analysis.</p><p>For South Africa, quantum technologies offer a unique chance to fuel innovation and boost economic growth. By investing in quantum research and development, we can tackle local challenges—like optimising energy distribution, enhancing healthcare, and strengthening cybersecurity—while positioning the country as a leader in cutting-edge science across Africa. This also opens up exciting educational and career opportunities for the next generation of scientists and engineers.</p><p>On a global scale, quantum computing is set to revolutionise industries ranging from drug discovery to materials science. By taking part in this global movement, South Africa can share in technological advancements and help shape the future of science and technology.</p><p><strong>If you were to look into your crystal ball, what future directions do you foresee for quantum science and technology?</strong></p><p>Looking ahead, I see some truly exciting quantum science and technology breakthroughs. One big shift will be turning quantum computers from experimental prototypes into practical, scalable machines that can solve real-world problems. I imagine global networks powered by quantum entanglement and quantum key distribution in quantum communication, delivering unmatched security. These networks could completely change how we safeguard sensitive finance, healthcare, and government information.</p><p>Getting a deeper understanding of open quantum systems will be key to making quantum technology more stable and improving error correction—basically making it ready for everyday use. At the intersection of quantum science and biology, I see quantum biology leading to significant breakthroughs, like new insights into photosynthesis and enzyme function, which could inspire new medical treatments. On top of that, combining quantum computing with machine learning will supercharge data analysis in areas like genomics and finance. Finally, expanding quantum education will empower the next generation of scientists and engineers to innovate and fully unlock these technologies' potential.</p><p><strong>You have spent many years in the challenging environment of higher education. What keeps you motivated when things get tough?</strong></p><p>What keeps me going is the sense of purpose and endless possibilities that quantum science offers. I also get a lot of motivation from my students and colleagues. Teaching and mentoring young scientists reminds me why I fell in love with this field—their curiosity and enthusiasm are incredibly energising. Ultimately, it's the blend of doing meaningful research and helping others grow that keeps me inspired, even when things get tough.</p><p><strong>What aspects of your work do you enjoy the most?</strong></p><p>What I love most about my work is constantly exploring new ideas and the thrill of facing fresh challenges. Quantum science is evolving so fast, and there's always something new to learn or discover—it's never boring. I also really enjoy mentoring young scientists—seeing their growth, curiosity, and contributions reminds me why I'm so passionate about this field. Their enthusiasm is contagious and gives me fresh energy, making the pursuit of new knowledge even more rewarding. The mix of continuous learning and helping the next generation grow makes my work both fulfilling and incredibly enjoyable.</p><p><strong>Tell us something exciting about yourself that people would not expect.</strong></p><p>I believe in openness; perhaps that's why I don't have many secrets. I grew up in Italy but chose to pursue my studies abroad, starting in Germany right after my matriculation. I have never studied at an Italian university.</p><p><strong>How do you spend your free time?</strong></p><p>I love staying active and getting out in nature whenever I can. Running, walking, and hiking are my go-to activities—they keep me fit and clear my mind, often sparking fresh ideas for my work. With beautiful game reserves nearby, I never miss a chance to experience the wildlife and breathtaking views. I'm also a big fan of reading—nothing beats a good book to broaden my perspective and help me unwind after a long day.</p><p> </p><p><br></p> |
| Explosive pollen wars: plants fight for pollen-space on pollinators | https://www.sun.ac.za/english/Lists/news/DispForm.aspx?ID=10928 | | Explosive pollen wars: plants fight for pollen-space on pollinators | Wiida Fourie-Basson (Media: Faculty of Science) | <p>Scientists from South Africa and Brazil have provided empirical evidence that pollen grains of rival plants may compete with one another for space on pollinators, thus influencing whose pollen is going to make it to the next flower – or not.<br></p><p>In an article published in <a href="https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/eprint/RQXD9P7GC26CTK5FUXYW/full?redirectUri=/doi/epdf/10.1086/732797"><em>The American Naturalist</em></a> this week, they argue that because plants can manipulate where and how much pollen is placed on the bodies of pollinators, plants may have developed strategies that are similar to sperm manipulation in animals. <br></p><p>Some animals and insects have evolved complex structures on their penises which are thought to remove the sperm of rival males from the reproductive tracts of females before depositing their own. Unlike animals, however, plant mating does not involve direct contact between flowers. Consequently, manipulation of pollen (pollen carries plant sperm) needs to take place before the pollen reaches another flower - on the bodies of arriving pollinators.<br></p><p>In the case of <em>Hypenea macrantha</em>, a deeply red flower endemic to Brazil, the researchers set up an experimental simulation, captured by slow motion video footage, showing how the flower employs a catapult-like mechanism to effectively remove pollen of rival flowers from the bill of a hummingbird skull, securely placing its own pollen on the same spot. Click here to view a slow motion video of this mechanism<br></p><p>This mechanism, called explosive pollen placement, is not unknown in the plant kingdom. However, this is the first time that researchers could provide empirical evidence of the efficacy of the mechanism by physically counting the number of quantum dot-labelled pollen removed by the explosion.</p><p><a href="https://www.bruce-anderson-stellenbosch-university.com/">Prof. Bruce Anderson</a>, an evolutionary ecologist in Stellenbosch University's <a href="/english/faculty/science/botany-zoology/Pages/default.aspx">Department of Botany and Zoology</a> and first author on the article, says their findings provide evidence for the idea of competitive pollen removal in plants.</p><p>He explains: “Flowers visited by hummingbirds deposit their pollen on the hummingbird bills, but there is very little place for the pollen to be deposited. Flowers have evolved a catapult mechanism where pollen is shot at the bill of the hummingbird. The force of the ballistic grains dislodges previously deposited grains from rival plants allowing the flower to place its own grains onto a cleaner bill, thus increasing its chances of reproductive success." </p><p>In other words, a demonstration of effective pollen removal by floral explosion would provide the first evidence that male-male competition may have contributed to the evolution of this trait, they write in the article.</p><p>For Anderson, this finding shows that plants may be competing with one another in previously unimagined ways: “Until recently, no one has ever thought of looking for these kinds of structures in plants. For one thing, the flowers of one individual never interact directly with the flowers of another individual when mating occurs. This makes it hard for flowers to manipulate the male gametes of other flowers as animals can do," he explains. </p><p>But gamete manipulation may take place, not on other flowers, but on pollinators: “Imagine a pollinator arriving at a flower, covered in rival pollen from previously visited plants. The flower may find it difficult to place pollen on the pollinator because all of the space is taken up by the grains of rival plants and furthermore, even if the flower does manage to place pollen on the pollinator, its chances of reproductive success may be low as it has to compete with all the other rival pollen grains for access to the ovules of the next flower visited. </p><p>“So, what can a flower do? Like animals with penis adornments, it can evolve strategies to clean the rival grains from pollinators before placing their own grains," he comments.</p><p><a href="https://sciprofiles.com/profile/1363151">Prof. Vinícius Brito</a>, a botanist at the Federal University of Uberlândia in Brazil and co-author, says previously, floral explosion was thought to primarily aid in placing pollen grains on pollinators or even startle them into flying to new plants, thus dispersing pollen over greater distances.</p><p>“Our data suggest, however, that this mechanism may actually displace pollen from previous flowers, enhancing male reproductive success by increasing competition for space on the pollinators' bodies," he concludes.</p><p><strong>Did you know?</strong></p><ul><li>About 94% of plants are hermaphroditic – i.e. a plant's flowers have both male and female reproductive organs. To avoid self-pollination, individual flowers often go through a male phase and then a female phase.</li><li>In the case of <em>Hypenea macrantha</em>, after the explosion is triggered, the anthers bent downwards, and the style elongates past the anthers as the flower enters its female phase. </li><li>Slow motion video footage reveals that <em>Hypenea macrantha</em>'s pollen travels at 2.62 metres per second after it is released (Usain Bolt runs approximately four times faster at 10.44 metres per second).</li><li>The pollen catapult mechanism in white mulberries can exceed 170 metres per second, making it the fastest known movement in the plant and animal kingdom. <br></li></ul><div><p><img src="/english/PublishingImages/Lists/dualnews/My%20Items%20View/Explosion_3.jpeg" alt="Explosion_3.jpeg" style="margin:5px;width:597px;" /><br></p><p>On the photo above, these frames capture the pollen explosion of a <em>Hypenea macrantha </em>flower when visited by a hummingbird.<em> Images: Bruce Anderson and Vinicius Brito</em></p><ul><li>The article titled “<a href="https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/eprint/RQXD9P7GC26CTK5FUXYW/full?redirectUri=/doi/epdf/10.1086/732797">Pollen wars: Explosive pollination removes pollen deposited from previously visited flowers</a>" was published in <em>The American Naturalist</em>.</li></ul></div> |
| SU researchers shine in L’Oréal-UNESCO Women in Science Awards | https://www.sun.ac.za/english/Lists/news/DispForm.aspx?ID=10911 | | SU researchers shine in L’Oréal-UNESCO Women in Science Awards | FMHS Marketing & Communications | <p>Three promising female researchers at Stellenbosch University (SU) have been recognised with the prestigious L'Oréal-UNESCO For Woman in Science awards, highlighting their exceptional contribution to scientific research and innovation.<br></p><p>Mrs Kimberley Coetzer, Dr Lesha Pretorius, and Dr Nonsikelelo Hlongwa have been selected for the 2024 L'Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science South Africa Young Talent programme. This global initiative aims to recognise and support women in scientific research by providing grants and fellowships to young female scientist, helping them advance their work and overcome gender barriers in STEM fields. </p><p><strong>Pioneering bioinformatics research</strong></p><p>Kimberley Coetzer, a PhD candidate in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology within the Division of Immunology at SU's Faculty of Medicine and Health Science (FMHS), expressed her gratitude for the award. "This award is evidence that hard work pays off," Coetzer said. "You have to believe in yourself and don't let anyone tell you that you can't achieve great things."</p><p>Coetzer's work focuses on developing innovative multi-omics pipelines using cutting-edge tools like Nextflow. As an aspiring bioinformatician, she is dedicated to using computational tools to uncover new insights into complex biological systems. Her research integrates bioinformatics and human genetics to explore novel approaches in analysing biological data.</p><p>During her master's degree with the Rare Diseases Genomics in South Africa research group at SU, Coetzer made significant contributions to rare disease genomics in the region. She developed and optimized a bioinformatics pipeline to aid in the diagnosis of South African patients with osteogenesis imperfecta, a genetic disorder characterized by fragile bones. This work has the potential to improve diagnosis and treatment for patients with rare genetic conditions in South Africa and beyond.</p><p><strong>Unravelling the gut-brain connection</strong></p><p>Dr Lesha Pretorius, a postdoctoral researcher with the Experimental Medicine Research Group in the FMHS' Department of Medicine, shared her enthusiasm for the recognition. "It is an honour to be recognised in my field," Pretorius stated. "I am more inspired than ever to do impactful research."</p><p>Pretorius's research explores the intricate interactions between the gut and the brain, focusing on how disruptions in gut microbiota and communication along the gut-brain axis contribute to comorbid conditions in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). </p><p>By investigating these critical pathways, Pretorius aims to advance the understanding of ASD-related health challenges. Her research examines how imbalances in gut bacteria or disruptions in gut-brain communication might contribute to the development of comorbid conditions in individuals with ADS. </p><p>Pretorius's research contributes to a growing field that bridges neuroscience, microbiology, and physiology, with the potential to improve the quality of life for individuals with ASD and their families.</p><p><strong>Investigating post-pandemic health challenges</strong></p><p>Dr Nonsikelelo Hlongwa, a health science researcher at SU's Faculty of Science, expressed her gratitude for the award's impact. "Receiving the L'Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science award is a humbling recognition of dedication, hard work, and potential as an emerging researcher in science," Hlongwa said. "It not only inspires confidence to pursue groundbreaking research but also serves as encouragement to younger generations of girls to believe in their ability to make a difference in the world of science."</p><p>Hlongwa's research investigates the effects of COVID-19 on the gut bacteriome and virome in patients with long COVID. Her work contributes to a global effort to better understand the long-term impacts of COVID-19 and could lead to targeted therapies and improved patient outcomes.</p><p>Specifically, Hlongwa is examining how the composition and function of gut bacteria and viruses may be altered in individuals experiencing prolonged symptoms after COVID-19 infection. By analysing the gut microbiome and virome, she aims to uncover potential links between microbial imbalances and the persistence of symptoms in long COVID patients.</p><p>This research could pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches that target the gut microbiome to alleviate long COVID symptoms, potentially offering new hope for those affected by this complex condition.</p><p>The recognition of these three researchers underscores SU's commitment to fostering excellence in scientific research and promoting gender equality in STEM fields. Their groundbreaking work in bioinformatics, neuroscience, and post-pandemic health challenges demonstrates the vital role of women in advancing scientific knowledge and addressing pressing global issues.<br></p><p><br></p><p><em>Caption: Dr Lesha Pretorius, Dr Nonsikelelo Hlongwa, and Kimberley Coetzer.</em></p> |
| Microorganisms play important role in ecosystems, human health – Prof Thulani Makhalanyane | https://www.sun.ac.za/english/Lists/news/DispForm.aspx?ID=10906 | | Microorganisms play important role in ecosystems, human health – Prof Thulani Makhalanyane | Corporate Communication and Marketing/Korporatiewe Kommunikasie en Bemarking | <p>Prof Thulani Makhalanyane from the Department of Microbiology and the School for Data Sciences and Computational Thinking at Stellenbosch University delivered his inaugural lecture on Tuesday 8 October. The title of his lecture was “Unveiling the hidden world within us: What environmental microbiomes can teach us about ourselves".<br></p><p>Makhalanyane spoke to the Corporate Communication and Marketing Division about the important role that microbial communities (communities of bacteria, single-celled microorganisms, fungi and viruses that live together in a shared environment) play in ecosystems and human health.<br></p><p><strong>Tell us more about your research and why you became interested in this specific field.</strong><br></p><p>I was trained as a microbiologist and my expertise is in microbial ecology (the study of how microorganisms interact with each other and their environment). I am interested in understanding how environmental factors influence the diversity and function of microorganisms in humans, animals and the environment. I have always been curious about biology in general and gravitated to microbiology for several reasons. <br></p><p><strong>How would you describe the relevance of your work?</strong><br></p><p>A good framework for understanding the importance of our work is the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These aspirational goals outline a set of priorities that are crucial for a more prosperous planet and higher quality of life for humanity. Our work is relevant to each of these 17 goals. For example, a large part of our work focuses on SDG 14, “Life Below Water". Our studies in the Southern Ocean, an important sink for anthropogenic (human-made) CO2, aims to investigate the diversity and functional attributes of microbial communities (communities of microorganisms that live together in a shared environment). We would like to understand how climate change will impact this environment and the ecosystem services we derive from the Southern Ocean. </p><p><strong>You've done a lot of research on microbiomes. What role do they play in ecosystems and human health?</strong></p><p>If it wasn't for the first photosynthetic cyanobacteria (a type of bacteria that can produce their own food using sunlight), we literally would not be here. Without microbiomes in the rhizosphere (narrow zone of soil that surrounds and is influenced by plant roots), plants would not be able to photosynthesise. In humans, microbes can break down several compounds in food which our bodies are not able to process. Regardless of the ecosystem you look at, microbial communities play important roles. <br></p><p><strong>What can environmental microbiomes teach us about ourselves?</strong></p><p style="text-align:justify;">There are several lessons from environmental microbiomes. Firstly, our understanding of the factors that regulate microbiomes is mostly derived from environmental microbiomes. We know, for instance, that these communities vary considerably in space and time. We also know, based on studies in the environment, that microbial communities undergo variation due to the ability to horizontally acquire genes from their neighbours. This has implications for the roles that these microbes may fulfil. Studies on environmental microbiomes provide excellent models with sufficiently wide variability (in terms of temperature, pH, etc.), which allows us to get a better sense of the factors that influence microbial communities. If we know what factors influence the variability of microbes, we can better understand how some diets may affect microbial diversity and therefore human health. <br></p><p><strong>Based on your research, why is it important to explore the unique and diverse microbiomes found in African populations?</strong></p><p style="text-align:justify;">Most of the studies on microbiomes have focused on people in the global North. We wrote a Comment last year where we showed the current knowledge gap, which is rather substantial. Africa is very diverse in terms of its ecosystems, animals and people. If we want to arrive at a point where we can tailor-make drugs (because we know that how we metabolise drugs is related to our diets), we must know our diversity. This is an important starting point if we are to arrive at a point of discussing the potential of precision medicine. There is also a tremendous potential for drug discovery by surveying underexplored African environments. We can apply the latest tools to discover novel compounds that may have important applications in biotechnology, pharmaceuticals and health. <br></p><p><strong>You've spent many years in the challenging environment of higher education. What keeps you motivated when things get tough?</strong></p><p style="text-align:justify;">I have the best job in the world. The fact that I am an environmental microbiologist means that I get to travel to some of the most exciting locations (e.g. Antarctica). I get to work with people from all over the world and there isn't a day that goes by that I don't learn something new. Although some parts of the job are mundane (writing reports, etc.), it's still worthwhile.<br></p><p><strong>You've already received numerous awards for your research. What drives you?</strong></p><p style="text-align:justify;">I think several things really drive me. At the core, I am curious about life. As a scientist, the quest for discovery drives me, there are so many questions that have not been explored that are just waiting... I am also excited because I get to work at a university. There is nothing more exciting than working with an engaged and motivated student. That, and the quest for the next paper, really keeps me going. <br></p><p><strong>What aspects of your work do you enjoy the most?</strong></p><p>All aspects of my work are exciting. I love travelling, reading about the latest developments in my field, and working with students and postdoctoral fellows. I find our work rewarding and I am super excited about starting to have more translational aspects to our studies. <br></p><p><strong>Tell us something exciting about yourself that people would not expect.</strong></p><p>This is a hard one to answer. I think I probably share too much on social media, so I don't think there is a lot unknown. But I am a gamer and enjoy having some downtime on my PlayStation (that my eldest daughter thinks belongs to her). <br></p><p><strong>How do you spend your free time?</strong><strong> </strong></p><p>I love being outdoors and I hike every free weekend when the weather allows. <br></p><p><br></p> |
