Research
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Research

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Research within the Division focuses on several key areas, including:

  • Lung cancer diagnosis and screening
  • Management of pleural diseases
  • Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
  • HIV and its impact on lung health
  • Interstitial lung diseases
  • Post-tuberculosis lung disease and pulmonary hypertension
  • Critical care

The Division has initiated many collaborative research projects, including the first dedicated post-tuberculosis clinic in South Africa, aiming to address long-term complications associated with TB. Publications from the Division cover a range of topics in pulmonology, contributing to the global understanding of respiratory diseases and their management.

 

All research endeavours 2020 - 2025

Our research interests include lung cancer, post TB lung disease, pulmonary hypertension, artificial intelligence, infectious and pleural diseases, preoperative assessment of lung resection candidates, applied transthoracic ultrasound, interventional pulmonology, critical care and more recently COVID-19.​

All publications 2020 – 2025​​

  1. ​​Allwood BW, Bennji S. Crazy Paving in Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(3):27
  2. Decloedt EH, Reuter H, Allwood B, Parker A, Koegelenberg CFN, Blockman M, Taljaard J. Benefit v. risk when using chloroquine in patients with severe COVID-19 disease. S Afr Med J. 2020 Apr 2;110(5):12903.
  3. Koslow M, Bennji SM, Griffith-Richards S, Ahmad K, Johnson GB, Ryu JH, Nathan SD, Allwood BW. A 48-Year-Old South African Woman with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Lung Nodules. Chest. 2020 May;157(5): e151-e155.
  4. Shaw JA, Louw EH, Koegelenberg CFN. Lung Ultrasound in COVID-19: Not Novel, but Necessary. Respiration. 2020;99(7):545-547.
  5. Corcoran JP, Psallidas I, Gerry S, Piccolo F, Koegelenberg CF, Saba T, Daneshvar C, et al. Prospective validation of the RAPID clinical risk prediction score in adult patients with pleural infection: the PILOT study. Eur Respir J. 2020 Jul 16;2000130.
  6. Parker A, Karamchand S, Schrueder N, Lalla U, Koegelenberg CFN, et al. Leadership and early strategic response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic at a COVID-19 designated hospital in South Africa. S Afr Med J. 2020;110(6):463-465
  7. van Zyl-Smit R, Feldman C, Richards G, Abdool-Gaffar S, Lalloo U, Kalla I, Koegelenberg CFN, Dheda K. South African Thoracic Society statement on obstructive airways disease and COVID-19. Afr J Thorac Crit Care Med 2020;26(3):10.7196/AJTCCM. 2020.v26i3.111.
  8. Lalla U, Allwood BW, Louw EH, Nortje A, Parker A, Taljaard JJ, Moodley D, Koegelenberg CFN. The utility of high-flow ​nasal cannula oxygen therapy in the management of respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19 pneumonia. S Afr Med J 2020;110(6):432. 
  9. 9. Parker A, Shaw J, Karamchand S, Lahri S, Schrueder N, Chothia MY, Mowlana A, Lalla U, Allwood BW, Koegelenberg CFN, Taljaard JJ. HIV and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection: The diagnostic challenges of dual pandemics. S Afr Med J 2020;110(6):473-475
  10. 10. Mazaza A, Lalla U, Taljaard JJ, John TJ, John KG, Slabbert J, Koegelenberg CFN. The aetiology of severe community-acquired pneumonia requiring intensive care unit admission in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Afr J Thoracic Crit Care Med 2019;26(1):5-7
  11. Allwood BW, Maasdorp E, Kim GJ, Cooper CB, Goldin J, van Zyl-Smit RN, Bateman ED, Dawson R. Transition from Restrictive to Obstructive Lung Function Impairment During Treatment and Follow-Up of Active Tuberculosis. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2020 May 11; 15:1039-1047
  12. ​Brett S, Irusen EM, Koegelenberg CFN. Pulmonary scarring and its relation to primary lung cancer. Afr J Thoracic Crit Care Med 2020;26(1):8-11
  13. Parker A, Koegelenberg CFN, Moolla SM, Louw EH, A Mowlana, A Nortjé, R Ahmed, N Brittain, U Lalla, B W Allwood, H Prozesky, N Schrueder, J J Taljaardet al. High HIV prevalence in an early cohort of hospital admissions with COVID-19 in Cape Town, South Africa. S Afr J Med 2020;110(10):982-987
  14. Boulle A, Davies MA, Hussey H, Koegelenberg CFN, et al. Risk factors for COVID-19 death in a population cohort study from the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Clin Infect Dis. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Oct 5;73(7): e2005-e2015.
  15. Allwood BW, Koegelenberg CF, Irusen E, Lalla U, Davids R, Chothia Y, Davids R, Prozesky H, Taljaard J, Parker A, Decloedt E, Jordan P, Lahri S, Moosa R, Schrueder N, Du Toit R, Viljoen A, English R, Ayele B, Nyasulu P; COVID-19 Research Response Team. Clinical evolution, management and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 admitted at Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa: a research protocol. BMJ Open. 2020 Aug 30;10(8): e039455. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039455.
  16. Allwood BW, van der Zalm MM, Amaral AFS, Byrne A, Datta S, Egere U, Evans CA, Evans D, Gray DM, Hoddinott G, Ivanova O, Jones R, Makanda G, Marx FM, Meghji J, Mpagama S, Pasipanodya JG, Rachow A, Schoeman I, Shaw J, Stek C, van Kampen S, von Delft D, Walker NF, Wallis RS, Mortimer K. Post-tuberculosis lung health: perspectives from the First International Symposium. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2020;24(8):820-828
  17. Irusen EM. The Global Initiative for Asthma 2019 recommendation for mild asthma - A critique. S Afr Fam Pract. 2020.5;62(1): e1-e4.Parker A, Louw EH, Lalla U, Koegelenberg CFN, Allwood BW, Rabie H, Sibeko SI, Taljaard JJ, Lahri S. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adult COVID-19 patients. S Afr Med J 2020;110(10):957-958.
  18. Wiese OJ, Allwood BW, Zemlin AE. COVID-19 and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS): A spark that sets the forest alight? Med Hypotheses. 2020 Nov; 144:110231. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110231.
  19. Moolla MS, Parker A, Parker MA, et al. Staff testing for COVID-19 via an online pre-registration form. S Afr J Infect Dis. 2021; 36(1): a232
  20. Moolla MS, Broadhurst A, Parker MA, et al. Implementing a video call visit system in a coronavirus disease 2019 unit. Afr J Prm Health Care Fam Med. 2020; 12(1): a2637.
  21. Rood J, Davids R, le Roux A, du Plessis M, Parker A, Allwood BW, Prozesky HW, Koegelenberg CFN, Taljaard JJ. Metabolic alkalosis in hospitalised COVID-19 patients: A window to the pathogenesis? S Afr Med J. 2020;110(11):13109
  22. Calligaro GL, Lalla U, Audley G, Gina P, Miller MG, Mendelson M, Dlamini S, Wasserman S, Meintjes G, Peter J, Levin D, Dave JA, Ntusi N, Meier S, Little F, Moodley DL, Louw EH, Nortje A, Parker A, Taljaard JJ, Allwood BW, Dheda K, Koegelenberg CFN. The utility of high-flow nasal oxygen for severe COVID-19 pneumonia in a resource-constrained setting: A multi-centre prospective observational study. Lancet EClinicalMedicine. 2020 Oct 6:100570.
  23. Bruce-Brand C, Allwood BW, Koegelenberg CFN, Lalla U, Louw E, Diacon AH, Schubert PT. Postmortem lung biopsies from four patients with COVID-19 at a tertiary hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. S Afr Med J. 2020;110(12):1195-1200.
  24. Meghji J, Mortimer K, Agusti A, Allwood BW, Asher I, Bateman ED, Bissell K, Bolton CE, Bush A, Celli B, Chiang CY, Cruz AA, Dinh-Xuan AT, El Sony A, Fong KM, Fujiwara PI, Gaga M, Garcia-Marcos L, Halpin DMG, Hurst JR, Jayasooriya S, Kumar A, Lopez-Varela MV, Masekela R, Mbatchou Ngahane BH, Montes de Oca M, Pearce N, Reddel HK, Salvi S, Singh SJ, Varghese C, Vogelmeier CF, Walker P, Zar HJ, Marks GB. Improving lung health in low-income and middle-income countries: from challenges to solutions. Lancet. 2021;397(10277):928-940
  25. Jaravaza DR, Lalla U, Zaharie SD, de Jager LJ. Unusual Presentation of Atrial Myxoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Am J Case Rep. 2021;3;22: e931437
  26. Allwood BW, Byrne A, Meghji J, Rachow A, van der Zalm MM, Schoch OD. Post-Tuberculosis Lung Disease: Clinical Review of an Under-Recognised Global Challenge. Respiration. 2021;100(8):751-763.
  27. Bezuidenhout MC, Wiese OJ, Maasdorp E, Moodley DL, Davids MR, Koegelenberg CFN, Lalla U, Khine-Wamono AA, Zemlin AE, Allwood BW. Correlating arterial blood gas, acid-base and blood pressure abnormalities with outcomes in COVID-19 intensive care patients. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry 2021;58(2):95-101.
  28. Beukes A, Shaw JA, Diacon AH, Irusen EM, Koegelenberg CFN. The utility of pleural fluid lactate dehydrogenase to adenosine deaminase ratio in pleural tuberculosis. Respiration. 2021;100(1):59-63.
  29. Riou C, du Bruyn E, Stek C, Daroowala R, Goliath RT, Abrahams F, Said-Hartley Q, Allwood BW, Hsiao NY, Wilkinson KA, Arlehamn CSL, Sette A, Wasserman S, Wilkinson RJ, HIATUS consortium. Relationship of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 response to COVID-19 severity and impact of HIV-1 and tuberculosis coinfection. J Clin Invest. 2021; 131(12): e149125..
  30. Broadhurst AGB, Lalla U, Taljaard JJ, Louw EH, Koegelenberg CFN, Allwood BW.
  31. The diagnostic challenge of pneumocystis pneumonia and COVID-19 co-infection in HIV. Respirol Case Rep 202122;9(4): e00725
  32. Masekela R, Koegelenberg CFN, Gray DM. Guidance to the applicability of the Global Lung Initiative spirometry reference equations for South African populations. S Afr Med J 2021;111(2):17-18
  33. Lalla U, Irusen EM, Allwood BW, Taljaard JJ, Koegelenberg CFN. A severity-of-illness score in patients with tuberculosis requiring intensive care. S Afr Med J 2021;111(3):245-249
  34. Shaw JA, Allwood BW. Post-tuberculosis lung disease: Exposing the elephant in the room. Afr J Thorac Crit Care Med. 2021 Jun 23;27(2):10.7196
  35. Shaw JA, Koegelenberg CFN.  Xpert MTB/RIF on pleural biopsy in suspected pleural TB: Does it add anything other than cost? Afr J Thoracic Crit Care Med 2021;27(1):4
  36. Louw EH, Shaw JA, Koegelenberg CFN. New insights into spontaneous pneumothorax: A review. Afr J Thoracic Crit Care Med 2020;26(1):18-22.
  37. Cilliers JD, Eindhoven SC, Koegelenberg CFN, Irusen E, Bruce-Brand C, Allwood BW. Pulmonary manifestations of IgG4 related disease in a South African patient. Afr J Thoracic Crit Care Med 2021;27(1):29-31
  38. Moolla MS, Reddy K, Fwemba I, Nyasulu PS, Taljaard JJ, Parker A, Louw EH, Nortje A, Parker MA, Lalla U, Koegelenberg CFN, Allwood BW. Bacterial infection, antibiotic use and COVID-19: Lessons from the intensive care unit. S Afr Med J 2021 Apr 15;111(6):575-581.
  39. Ngah V, Maud P, Baines N, Mistry R, Schrueder N, Koegelenberg CFN, Irusen EM, Mortimer K, Allwood B. Respiratory presentations to acute services at a tertiary hospital in South Africa. S Afr Med J. 2021 Nov 5;111(11):1104-1109
  40. Buckley AM, Griffith-Richards S, Davids R, Irusen EM, Nyasulu PS, Lalla U, Allwood BW, Louw EH, Nortje A, Pitcher RD, Koegelenberg CFN. Relative sparing of the left upper zone on chest radiography in severe Covid-19 pneumonia. Respiration 2021;100(8):811-815 du Plessis EM, Lalla U, Allwood BW, Louw EH, Nortje A, Parker A, Taljaard JJ, Ayele BT, Nyasulu PS, Koegelenberg CFN. Corticosteroids in critical COVID-19: Are all corticosteroids equal? S Afr Med J 2021;111(6):550-553.
  41. Göker E, Altwairgi A, Al-Omair A, Tfayli A, Black E, Elsayed H, Selek U, Koegelenberg C. Multi-disciplinary approach for the management of non-metastatic non-small cell lung cancer in the Middle East and Africa: Expert panel recommendations. Lung Cancer. 2021;158:60-73
  42. Kotze LA, Beltran CGG, Lang D, Loxton AG, Cooper S, Meiring M, Koegelenberg CFN, Allwood BW, Malherbe ST, Hiemstra AM, Glanzmann B, Kinnear C, Walzl G, du Plessis N. Establishment of a Patient-Derived, Magnetic Levitation-Based, Three-Dimensional Spheroid Granuloma Model for Human Tuberculosis. mSphere 6: e00552-21.
  43. Dheda K, Charalambous S, Karat AS, von Delft A, Lalloo UG, van Zyl Smit R, Perumal R, Allwood BW, Esmail A, Wong ML, Duse AG, Richards G, Feldman C, Mer M, Nyamande K, Lalla U, Koegelenberg CFN, et al. A position statement and practical guide to the use of particulate filtering facepiece respirators (N95, FFP2, or equivalent) for South African health workers exposed to respiratory pathogens including Mycobacterium tuberculosis and SARS-CoV-2. Afr J Thorac Crit Care Med. 2021 Oct 22;27(4):10.7196
  44. Mpagama SG, Msaji KS, Kaswaga O, Zurba LJ, Mbelele PM, Allwood BW, Ngungwa BS, Kisonga RM, Lesosky M, Rylance J, Mortimer K. The burden and determinants of post-TB lung disease. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2021 ;25(10):846-853
  45. Shaw JA, Koegelenberg CFN. Pleural Tuberculosis. Clin Chest Med. 2021 Dec;42(4):649-666
  46. Moolla MS, Whitelaw A, Decloedt EH, Koegelenberg CFN, Parker A. Opportunities to enhance antibiotic stewardship: colistin use and outcomes in a low-resource setting. JAC Antimicrob Resist. 2021 Nov 17;3(4): dlab169. 
  47. Lalloo UG, Kalla IS, Abdool-Gaffar S, Dheda K, Koegelenberg CFN, Greenblatt M, Feldman C, Wong ML, van Zyl-Smit RN; Asthma Working Group of the South African Thoracic Society. Guidelines for the management of asthma in adults and adolescents: Position statement of the South African Thoracic Society - 2021 update. Afr J Thorac Crit Care Med. 2021 Dec 31;27(4):30-43
  48. Moolla MS, Lahri S, Parker A, et al. Going where the data are: Connecting to Trello for daily statistics in the COVID-19 era and beyond. S Afr Med J. 2021; 111(11): 1032-1033
  49. Menzies NA, Quaife M, Allwood BW, Byrne AL, Coussens AK, Harries AD, Marx FM, Meghji J, Pedrazzoli D, Salomon JA, Sweeney S, van Kampen SC, Wallis RS, Houben RMGJ, Cohen T. Lifetime burden of disease due to incident tuberculosis: a global reappraisal including post-tuberculosis sequelae. Lancet Glob Health. 2021 Dec;9(12): e1679-e1687. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(21)00367-3. Erratum in: Lancet Glob Health. 2022;10(3):e336.
  50. Botha CJ, Oosthuizen K, Shaw JA, Allwood BW, Irusen EM, Koegelenberg CFN. Medical management of large and multiple pulmonary echinococcal cysts. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2021;25(12):1035-1037
  51. Lalla U, Koegelenberg CFN, Allwood BW, et al Comparison of patients with severe COVID 19 admitted to an intensive care unit in South Africa during the first and second wave of the COVID 19 pandemic. Afr J Thoracic Crit Care Med 2021;27(4):156-162. Huber RM, Cavic M, Kerpel-Fronius A, Viola L, Field J, Jiang L, Kazerooni EA, Koegelenberg CF, et al. Lung Cancer Screening Considerations During Respiratory Infection Outbreaks, Epidemics or Pandemics: An IASLC Early Detection and Screening Committee Report. J Thorac Oncol. 2022;17(2):228-223
  52. Shaw JA, Wilken E, Allwood BW, Irusen EM, Koegelenberg CFN. Autologous Blood Patch Pleurodesis for the Management of a Persistent Air Leak after Secondary Spontaneous Pneumothorax. Respiration. 2022;101(4):417-421
  53. Zemlin AE, Allwood B, Erasmus RT, Masha TE, Chapanduka ZC, Jalavu TP, Ngah V, Sigwadhi LN, Koegelenberg CF, et al. Prognostic value of biochemical parameters among severe COVID-19 patients admitted to an intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital in South Africa. IJID Regions 2022;2: 191-197
  54. Curry BD, van T Wout E, Maasdorp E, Nortje A, Irusen EM, Maree D, Koegelenberg CFN, Allwood BW. Correlation between lung function tests and peak oxygen consumption in post-TB lung disease. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2022;26(3):259-267.
  55. Kotze LA, van der Spuy G, Leonard B, Penn-Nicholson A, Musvosvi M, McAnda S, Malherbe ST, Erasmus M, Scriba T, Koegelenberg CFN, Allwood BW, Walzl G du Plessis N. Targeted Gene Expression Profiling of Human Myeloid Cells from Blood and Lung Compartments of Patients with Tuberculosis and Other Lung Diseases. Front. Immunol. 2022;13:839747
  56. ​​Parker MA, Moola MS, Paris GE, Koegelenberg CFN. Staging and operability of primary lung cancer in Western Cape Province, South Africa. Afr J Thoracic Crit Care Med 2022;28(1):20-24.
  57. Eknewir S, John TJ, Bennji SM, Koegelenberg CFN. The utility of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in a community with a high HIV and tuberculosis burden. Afr J Thoracic Crit Care Med 2022;28(1):25-27
  58. Boy DP, Shaw JA, Koegelenberg CFN. Ultrasound-guided pleural biopsy. Eurasian J Pulmonol 2022;24:000-0 [EPub]
  59. Allwood BW, Koegelenberg CF, Ngah VD, et al. Predicting COVID-19 outcomes from clinical and laboratory parameters in an intensive care facility during the second wave of the pandemic in South Africa. IJID Reg. 2022;3:242-247
  60. Parker A, Boloko L, Moolla MS, Ebrahim N, Ayele BT, Broadhurst AGB, Mashigo B, Titus G, de Wet T, Boliter N, Rosslee MJ, Papavarnavas N, Abrahams R, Mendelson M, Dlamini S, Taljaard JJ, Prozesky HW, Mowlana A, Viljoen AJ, Schrueder N, Allwood BW, Lalla U, Dave JA, Calligaro G, Levin D, Maughan D, Ntusi NAB, Nyasulu PS, Meintjes G, Koegelenberg CFN, Mnguni AT, Wasserman S. Clinical features and outcomes of COVID-19 admissions in a population with a high prevalence of HIV and tuberculosis: a multicentre cohort study. BMC Infect Dis. 2022;22(1):559
  61. Irusen EM. Sarcoidosis - time for a clinical refresher! Afr J Thorac Crit Care Med. 2022;28(4):10.7196
  62. Benbarka SS, Shubert PT, Irusen EM, Allwood BW, Koegelenberg CFN. The utility of chest ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy in the diagnosis of plasmacytoma. Afr J Thorac Crit Care Med. 2022;28(4):10.7196
  63. Abdulgader SM, Okunola AO, Ndlangalavu G, Reeve BWP, Allwood BW, Koegelenberg CFN, Warren RM, Theron G. Diagnosing Tuberculosis: What Do New Technologies Allow Us to (Not) Do? Respiration 2022;101(9):797-813.
  64. Bhikoo R, Koegelenberg CFN. Lung cancer in people living with HIV: a different kettle of fish? Afr J Thoracic Crit Care Med 2022;28(2):50
  65. Koegelenberg CFN, van Zyl-Smit RN, Dheda K, et al. Position Statement on Endoscopic lung volume reduction in South Africa: 2022 Update? Afr J Thoracic Crit Care Med 2022;28(2): 75-81
  66. Singh S, Allwood BW, Chiyaka TL, Kleyhans L, Naidoo CC, Moodley S, Theron G, Segal LN. Immunologic and imaging signatures in post tuberculosis lung disease. Tuberculosis (Edinb). 2022 Sep;136:102244. doi: 10.1016/j.tube.2022.102244
  67. Broadhurst ABG, Allwood BW, Botha CJ, Galligaro G, Lee C, Gopalan PD, Koegelenberg CFN, et al. The Optimal Management of the Patient with COVID-19 Pneumonia: HFNC, NIV/CPAP or Mechanical Ventilation. Afr J Thoracic Crit Care Med 2022;28(3): 119-128
  68. Zemlin AE, Sigwadhi LN, Wiese OJ, Jalavu TP, Chapanduka ZC, Allwood BW, Tamuzi JL, Koegelenberg CF, et al. The association between acid-base status and clinical outcome in critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care unit with an emphasis on high anion gap metabolic acidosis. Ann Clin Biochem 2022 Nov 7;45632221134687 [Epub]
  69. Chapanduka ZC, Abdullah I, Allwood B, Koegelenberg CF, et al. Haematological predictors of poor outcome among COVID-19 patients admitted to an intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital in South Africa. PLoS One . 2022;17(11):e0275832.
  70. Sigwadhi LN, Tamuzi JL, Zemlin AE, Chapanduka ZC, Allwood BW, Koegelenberg CF, et al. Latent Class Analysis: An innovative approach for identification of clinical and laboratory markers of disease severity among COVID-19 patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit. IJID Reg.2022;5:154–162
  71. Moolla MS, Maponga T, Moolla H, Kollenberg E, Anie S, Moolla A, Moodley D, Lalla U, Allwood BW, Schrueder N, Preiser W, Koegelenberg CF, Parker A. A tale of two waves: Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 admissions during the omicron-driven 4th wave in Cape Town, South Africa and implications for the future. IJID Reg. 2022 Nov 24. doi: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.11.008
  72. Swanepoel J, Zimri K, van der Zalm MM, Hoddinott G, Palmer M, Doruyter A, De Beer G, Kleynhans L, Johnson SM, Jongen V, Wademan D, Mcimeli K, Jacobs S, Swanepoel R, Van Zyl G, Allwood BW, Malherbe S, Heuvelings C, Griffith-Richards S, Whittaker E, Moore DAJ, Schaaf HS, Hesseling AC, Seddon JA. Understanding the biology, morbidity and social contexts of adolescent tuberculosis: a prospective observational cohort study protocol (Teen TB). BMJ Open. 2022;12(12):e062979
  73. Nyasulu PS, Ayele BT, Koegelenberg CF, et al. Clinical characteristics associated with mortality of COVID-19 patients admitted to an intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital in South Africa.  PLoS One 2022 Dec 30;17(12):e0279565.
  74. Louw E, Baines N, Maarman G, Osman M, Sigwadhi L, Irusen E, Koegelenberg C, et al. The prevalence of pulmonary hypertension after successful tuberculosis treatment in a community sample of adult patients. Pulm Circ. 2023 Jan 1;13(1):e12184.
  75. Irusen E. Chest radiographic interpretation - an essential competency for Africa. Afr J Thorac Crit Care Med.29(1):10.7196/AJTCCM.2023.v29i1.893..
  76. Rozman A, Koegelenberg CFN. Prediction of Time to Repeat Therapeutic Thoracentesis in Pleural Effusions: We Still Haven't Found What We're Looking for! Respiration. 2023;102(5):331-332
  77. Moolla MS. Equipoise between surgical and bronchoscopic approaches to lung volume reduction in COPD. Afr J Thoracic Crit Care Med. 2023; 29 (2): 82.
  78. Domingo C, Garcia G, Gemicioglu B, Van GV, Larenas-Linnemann D, Neffen H, Poachanukoon O, Sagara H, Berend N, Pizzichini E, Irusen E, Aggarwal B, Eken V, Levy G. Consensus on mild asthma management: results of a modified Delphi study. J Asthma. 2023;60(1):145-157.
  79. Riou C, du Bruyn E, Kim GHJ, da Costa I, Lee J, Sher A, Wilkinson RJ, Allwood BW, Goldin J. Derivation of a high-resolution CT-based, semi-automated radiographic score in tuberculosis and its relationship to bacillary load and antitubercular therapy. Eur Respir J. 2023;62(3):2300600.
  80. Moolla MS, Doruyter A, Allwood BW. Bridging the gap: Communicating the results of ventilation: perfusion scans to clinicians. Afr J Thorac Crit Care Med. 2023 Aug 3;29(2):10.7196/AJTCCM.2023.v29i2.1231.
  81. Sundaralingam A, Aujayeb A, Jackson KA, Pellas EI, Khan II, Chohan MT, Joosten R, Boersma A, Kerkhoff J, Bielsa S, Porcel JM, Rozman A, Marc-Malovrh M, Welch H, Symonds J, Anevlavis S, Froudrakis M, Mei F, Zuccatosta L, Gasparini S, Gonnelli F, Dhaliwal I, Mitchell MA, Fjaellegaard K, Petersen JK, Ellayeh M, Rahman NM, Burden T, Bodtger U, Koegelenberg CFN, Maskell NA, Janssen J, Bhatnagar R. Investigation and outcomes in patients with nonspecific pleuritis: results from the International Collaborative Effusion database. ERJ Open Res. 2023 Apr 11;9(2):00599-2022.
  82. Almubarek M, Boy DP, Lalla U, Allwood BW, Irusen EM, Koegelenberg CFN. Rapidly progressive respiratory failure due to antisynthetase syndrome related interstitial lung disease. Respirol Case Rep. 2023 Apr 12;11(5):e01141.
  83. du Bruyn E, Stek C, Daroowala R, Said-Hartley Q, Hsiao M, Schafer G, Goliath RT, Abrahams F, Jackson A, Wasserman S, Allwood BW, Davis AG, Lai RP, Coussens AK, Wilkinson KA, de Vries J, Tiffin N, Cerrone M, Ntusi NAB; HIATUS consortium; Riou C, Wilkinson RJ. Effects of tuberculosis and/or HIV-1 infection on COVID-19 presentation and immune response in Africa. Nat Commun. 2023;14(1):188.
  84. Goolam N, Bhikoo R, Koegelenberg CFN, Lalla U. Fatal sequelae of hydrogen sulphide poisoning. Respirol Case Rep. 2023 Apr 20;11(5):e01144.
  85. Jalavu TP, Sigwadhi LN, Kotze MJ, Yalew A, Ngah V, Tamuzi JL, Chapanduka ZC, Allwood BW, Koegelenberg CF, et al. An investigation of the correlation of vitamin D status and management outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 at a South African tertiary hospital. IJID Reg. 2023 Jun 1. doi: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2023.05.007. Epub ahead of print
  86. Allwood BW, Joubert L, Janson J. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: More options, more awareness. Afr J Thorac Crit Care Med. 2023 Sep 19;29(3):10.7196/AJTCCM.2023.v29i3.1496
  87. Rachow A, Ivanova O, Bakuli A, Khosa C, Nhassengo P, Owolabi O, Jayasooriya S, Ntinginya NE, Sabi I, Rassool M, Bennet J, Niemann S, Mekota AM, Allwood BW, Wallis RS, Charalambous S, Hoelscher M, Churchyard G. Performance of spirometry assessment at TB diagnosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2023;27(11):850-857.
  88. Allwood BW, Manie S, Stolbrink M, Hunter L, Matthee S, Meintjes G, Amosun SL, Pecoraro A, Walzl G, Irusen E. Pulmonary hypertension in adults completing tuberculosis treatment. Afr J Thorac Crit Care Med. 2023;29(3):10.7196
  89. Shaw JA, Meiring M, Snyders C, Everson F, Sigwadhi LN, Ngah V, Tromp G, Allwood B, Koegelenberg CFN, et al. Immunologic and vascular biomarkers of mortality in critical COVID-19 in a South African cohort. Front Immunol. 2023 Jul 3;14:1219097. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1219097
  90. Menzies NA, Allwood BW, Dean AS, Dodd PJ, Houben RMGJ, James LP, Knight GM, Meghji J, Nguyen LN, Rachow A, Schumacher SG, Mirzayev F, Cohen T. Global burden of disease due to rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis: a mathematical modeling analysis. Nat Commun. 2023;14(1):6182.
  91. van Zyl AGP, Allwood BW, Koegelenberg CFN, Lalla U, Retief F. The effect of inhaled nitric oxide on shunt fraction in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Afr J Thorac Crit Care Med. 2023;29(2):10.7196/AJTCCM.2023.v29i2.279
  92. Porcel JM, Bielsa S, Civit C, Koegelenberg CFN, Labarca G, Mei F, Maskell N, Bhatnagar R. Clinical characteristics of chylothorax: results from the International Collaborative Effusion database. ERJ Open Res. 2023;9(5):00091-2023.
  93. v​an Heerden JK, Louw EH, Thienemann F, Engel ME, Allwood BW. The prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in post-tuberculosis and active tuberculosis populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir Rev. 2024;33(171):230154
  94. Bhikoo R, Allwood BW, Irusen EM, Koegelenberg CFN. Lung Cancer Presents at a Younger Age and Is Less Likely to be Curable in People Living with HIV. Respiration. 2024;103(1):47-50.
  95. Maartens DJ, Moolla MS, Ndaba S, Vlok SSC, Hendricks F, Koegelenberg CFN, van Wyk AC. Thoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumour: Diagnostic challenges and potential for misdiagnosis in small tissue samples. Respirol Case Rep. 2023;11(11):e01238. doi: 10.1002/rcr2.1238.
  96. Parker A, Broadhurst AGB, Moolla MS, Amien L, Ahmed R, Taljaard JJ, Meintjes G, Nyasulu P, Koegelenberg CFN. A point-prevalence study of body mass indices in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 in South Africa. Afr J Thorac Crit Care Med. 2023 Sep 19;29(3):10.7196/AJTCCM.2023.v29i3.660
  97. Stolbrink M, Ozoh OB, Halpin DMG, Nightingale R, Meghji J, Plum C, Allwood BW, Jayasooriya S, Mortimer K; Chronic Respiratory Diseases Medicines Survey Investigators Collaboration. Availability, cost and affordability of essential medicines for chronic respiratory diseases in low-income and middle-income countries: a cross-sectional study. Thorax. 2024;79(7):676-679
  98. Mashigo A, Parker A, Lalla U, Allwood BW, Moolla, MS, Lovelock T, Koegelenberg CFN. An outbreak within an outbreak: The impact of infection prevention and control strategies on hospital acquired infections and the occurrence of multidrugresistant organisms during the COVID 19 pandemic. S Afr Med J 2023;113(12):e971.
  99. Shaw JA, Louw EH, Koegelenberg CFN. A practical approach to the diagnosis and management of malignant pleural effusions in resource-constrained settings. Breathe (Sheff). 2023 Dec;19(4):230140.
  100. Thomson H, Baines N, Huisamen T, Koegelenberg CFN, Irusen EM, Mapahla L, Allwood BW. A new understanding of clinical patterns in post-TB lung disease. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2024 Mar 1;28(3):115-121.
  101. Allehebi A, Al-Omair A, Mahboub B, Koegelenberg CF, Mokhtar M, Madkour AM, Al-Asad K, Selek U, Al-Shamsi HO. Recommended approaches for screening and early detection of lung cancer in the Middle East and Africa (MEA) region: a consensus statement. J Thorac Dis. 2024 Mar 29;16(3):2142-2158
  102. Singh N, Koegelenberg CFN. Smoking cessation for hospitalised inpatients: Butt where do we begin? Afr J Thorac Crit Care Med. 2024 ;30(2):e2379.
  103. Fredericks I, Irusen EM, Allwood BW, Koegelenberg CFN. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on lung cancer presentation at a high-volume tertiary referral centre in South Africa. Afr J Thorac Crit Care Med. 2024 Jul 4;30(2):1031.
  104. Coussens AK, Zaidi SMA, Allwood BW, et al. Classification of early tuberculosis states to guide research for improved care and prevention: an international Delphi consensus exercise. Lancet Respir Med. 2024 Jun;12(6):484-498
  105. Allwood BW, Nightingale R, Agbota G, et al. Perspectives from the 2nd International Post-Tuberculosis Symposium: mobilising advocacy and research for improved outcomes. IJTLD Open. 2024;1(3):111-123
  106. Irusen EM, Meiring D, Koegelenberg CFN. Asthma-COPD overlap and asthma progressing to COPD: Are we using the right diagnostic approaches and pathways? Respirology. 2024 Sep;29(9):756-758
  107. Phogole CM, de Jong J, Lalla U, Decloedt E, Kellermann T. 2024. In vitro optimization of crushed drug-sensitive antituberculosis medication when administered via a nasogastric tube. Microbiol Spectr 12:e02876
  108. Nxumalo ZZ, Irusen EM, Allwood BW, Tadepalli M, Bassi J, Koegelenberg CFN. The utility of artificial intelligence in identifying radiological evidence of lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis in a high-burden tuberculosis setting. S Afr Med J. 2024 May 31;114(6):e1846
  109. Coussens AK, Zaidi SMA, Allwood BW, Dewan PK, Gray G, Kohli M, Kredo T, Marais BJ, Marks GB, Martinez L, Ruhwald M, Scriba TJ, Seddon JA, Tisile P, Warner DF, Wilkinson RJ, Esmail H, Houben RMGJ; International Consensus for Early TB (ICE-TB) group. Classification of early tuberculosis states to guide research for improved care and prevention: an international Delphi consensus exercise. Lancet Respir Med. 2024 Jun;12(6):484-498. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(24)00028-6. Epub 2024 Mar 22. PMID: 38527485; PMCID: PMC7616323.
  110. Irusen EM, Meiring D, Koegelenberg CFN. Asthma-COPD overlap and asthma progressing to COPD: Are we using the right diagnostic approaches and pathways? Respirology. 2024 Sep;29(9):756-758. doi: 10.1111/resp.14731. Epub 2024 May 7. PMID: 38712599.
  111. Louw EH, Van Heerden JA, Kalla IS, Maarman GJ, Nxumalo Z, Thienemann F, Huaman MA, Magee M, Allwood BA. Scoping review of post-TB pulmonary vascular disease: Proceedings from the 2nd International Post-Tuberculosis Symposium. Pulm Circ. 2024 Sep 12;14(3):e12424. doi: 10.1002/pul2.12424. PMID: 39268398; PMCID: PMC11391472.
  112. Huber RM, Cavic M, Balata H, Borondy Kitts A, Field JK, Henschke C, Kazerooni EA, Kerpel-Fronius A, Smith RA, Taioli E, Ventura L, Lam S, Yankelevitz D, Tammemägi M; members of the Diagnostics Working Group, ED & Screening Committee. From the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Early Detection and Screening Committee: Terminology Issues in Screening and Early Detection of Lung Cancer-International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Early Detection and Screening Committee Expert Group Recommendations. J Thorac Oncol. 2024 Dec;19(12):1606-1617. doi: 10.1016/j.jtho.2024.07.022. Epub 2024 Aug 2. PMID: 39098452.
  113. Gai X, Allwood B, Sun Y. Advances in the awareness of tuberculosis-associated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chin Med J Pulm Crit Care Med. 2024 Oct 18;2(4):250-256. doi: 10.1016/j.pccm.2024.08.008. PMID: 39834582; PMCID: PMC11742363.
  114. van Heerden J, Strijdom H, Parker A, Allwood BW, Lalla U, Lombard CJ, Koegelenberg CFN. The impact of mild COVID-19 on medium-term respiratory function. Afr J Thorac Crit Care Med. 2024 Oct 14;30(3):e1629. doi: 10.7196/AJTCCM.2024.v30i3.1629. PMID: 39664505; PMCID: PMC11633238.
  115. Schmidt C, Nyasulu PS, Fwemba I, Lalla U, Allwood BW, Parker A, Taljaard JJ, Sigwadhi LN, Tamuzi JL, Zemlin AE, Erasmus RT, Koegelenberg CFN. The utility of procalcitonin as a biomarker of hospital-acquired infection in severe COVID-19. Afr J Thorac Crit Care Med. 2024 Dec 11;30(4):e1617. doi: 10.7196/AJTCCM.2024.v30i4.1617. PMID: 40041414; PMCID: PMC11878409.
  116. Nuwagira E, Baluku JB, Bajunirwe F, Siedner MJ, Digumarthy SR, Kang J, Mpagama SG, Allwood BW, Lai PS. Pretreatment Chest X-ray Scores and HIV Serostatus Are Associated with Lung Function at Tuberculosis Cure. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2025 Apr;22(4):612-614. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.202406-607RL. PMID: 39680910; PMCID: PMC12005028.
  117. Shaw JA, Koegelenberg CFN. Addressing the need for better management of pleural infections in low- to middle-income countries. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2025 Jan;19(1):7-10. doi: 10.1080/17476348.2025.2453117. Epub 2025 Jan 14. PMID: 39797692.
  118. Janssen S, Murphy M, Upton C, Allwood B, Diacon AH. Tuberculosis: An Update for the Clinician. Respirology. 2025 Mar;30(3):196-205. doi: 10.1111/resp.14887. Epub 2025 Jan 31. PMID: 39887565; PMCID: PMC11872285.
  119. Huisamen T, Thomson H, Harrington KRV, Baines N, Ackermann C, Griffith-Richards S, Koffeman C, Singh N, Koegelenberg CFN, Maasdorp E, Allwood BW. A retrospective study exploring chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in post-tuberculosis lung disease patients. J Thorac Dis. 2025 Jan 24;17(1):320-332. doi: 10.21037/jtd-24-1062. Epub 2025 Jan 22. PMID: 39975743; PMCID: PMC11833582.
  120. Tammemägi MC, Borondy-Kitts A, Field JK, Henschke CI, Mohan A, Kerpel-Fronius A, Ventura L, Yang D, Jiang L, Koegelenberg CFN, Cavic M, Balata H, Viola L, Zulueta JJ, Sales Dos Santos R, Rzyman W, Yankelevitz DF, McWilliams A, Lam S, Kazerooni EA, Huber RM. Lung Cancer Screening Program Quality Indicators-Review and Recommendations: An International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Delphi Process Study. J Thorac Oncol. 2025 Jan 24:S1556-0864(25)00052-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jtho.2025.01.019. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39864549.
  121. Payne C, Louw E, Baines N, Botha B, Lombard C, Allwood B, Maarman G. Mitochondrial respiratory analysis of cryopreserved PBMCs isolated from human blood. Cryobiology. 2025 Mar;118:105212. doi: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2025.105212. Epub 2025 Feb 13. PMID: 39922251.
  122. Jumaar C, Jacobs S, Payne C, Sanni O, Louw E, Baines N, Maree D, Botha B, Feyasa MB, Strijdom H, Allwood B, Maarman GJ. Endothelial Dysfunction Markers Correlate with the Time Since Completion of Tuberculosis Treatment and the Number of Previous Tuberculosis Episodes. Infect Dis Rep. 2025 Feb 28;17(2):21. doi: 10.3390/idr17020021. PMID: 40126327; PMCID: PMC11932228.
  123. Almubarek M, Louw EH, Griffith-Richards S, Ackermann C, Baines N, Thomson H, Pecoraro AJK, Koegelenberg CFN, Irusen EM, Allwood BW. Computed tomography chest imaging for the detection of pulmonary hypertension in patients with post-tuberculosis lung disease. Afr J Thorac Crit Care Med. 2025 Mar 28;31(1):e1948. doi: 10.7196/AJTCCM.2025.v31i1.1948. PMID: 40260273; PMCID: PMC12009497.
  124. Buckley AD, Singh N, Allwood BW, Lalla U, Koegelenberg CFN. The utility of transbronchial cryobiopsy performed under conscious sedation for interstitial lung diseases in a resource constrained setting. Afr J Thorac Crit Care Med. 2025 Mar 28;31(1):e2618. doi: 10.7196/AJTCCM.2025.v31i1.2618. PMID: 40260266; PMCID: PMC12009501.
  125. Parker A, Petersen-Ross K, Maponga T, Parkar S, Ahmed N, Snyders CI, Kidd M, Taljaard JJ, Meintjes G, Koegelenberg CFN, Kleynhans L, Smith C. Pre-existing adipose tissue signaling profile related to obesity determines disease outcome of COVID-19: addressing obesity should be a priority for future pandemic preparedness. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2025 Apr 25;16:1506065. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1506065. PMID: 40352457; PMCID: PMC12061698.
  126. Singh N, Irusen EM. Coal mining as a risk factor for tuberculosis - Commodity or circumstance? S Afr J Infect Dis. 2025 Apr 18;40(1):708. doi: 10.4102/sajid.v40i1.708. PMID: 40357182; PMCID: PMC12067552.
  127. ​Jumaar C, Malefane L, Jacobs S, Sanni O, Louw E, Baines N, Payne C, Schulz S, Lombard C, Feyasa M, Maree D, Windvogel S, Strijdom H, Botha B, Allwood B, Maarman GJ. Delineating the Significance of Several Inflammatory Markers in a Lung Tuberculosis Cohort During the Active and Post-Tuberculosis Stages of the Disease: An Observational Study in Cape Town, South Africa (2019 to 2024). Infect Dis Rep. 2025 May 9;17(3):52. doi: 10.3390/idr17030052. PMID: 40407654; PMCID: PMC12101205.
  128. Katoto PDMC, Bihehe D, Brand A, Mushi R, Kusinza A, Alwood BW, van Zyl-Smit RN, Tamuzi JL, Sam-Agudu NA, Yotebieng M, Metcalfe J, Theron G, Godri Pollitt KJ, Lesosky M, Vanoirbeek J, Mortimer K, Nawrot T, Nemery B, Nachega JB. Household air pollution and risk of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-Infected adults. Environ Health. 2024 Jan 17;23(1):6. doi: 10.1186/s12940-023-01044-0. PMID: 38233832; PMCID: PMC10792790.
  129. Shaw JA, John TJ, Koegelenberg CFN, Da Silva M, Allwood BW, Weich H. Issues in Medicine. S Afr Med J. 2023;113(2):65-68.
  130. Irusen EM, Malange T. Pharmacotherapy of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Therapeutic considerations with a focus on inhaled corticosteroids. S Afr Fam Pract. 2020 Dec 8;62(1): e1-e6.
  131. Moodley K, Allwood BW, Rossouw TM. Consent for critical care research after death from COVID-19: Arguments for a waiver. S Afr Med J. 2020 May 26;110(7):629-634.
  132. Allwood BW, Stolbrink M, Baines N, Louw E, Wademan DT, Lupton-Smith A, Nel S, Maree D, Mpagama S, Osman M, Marx FM, Hoddinott G, Lesosky M, Rylance J, Mortimer K. Persistent chronic respiratory symptoms despite TB cure is poorly correlated with lung function. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2021 Apr 1;25(4):262-270
  133. Mhlana N, Koegelenberg CFN. The impact of age at presentation on lung cancer staging.  Afr J Thoracic Crit Care Med 2020;26(2):29-31
  1. Shaw JA, von Groote-Bidlingmaier, Koegelenberg CFN. Transthoracic Ultrasound in ERS Respiratory Medicine handbook 3rd Ed; Editors Palange P and Rhode G; P160-167
  2. Shaw JA, Ahmed L, Koegelenberg CFN. Effusions related to tuberculosis. In: Maskell NA, Lauren CB, Lee YCG, et al. Pleural Disease (ERS Monograph), Sheffield, European Respiratory Society, 2020; pp 179-192
  3. Shaw, J.A., Irusen, E.M., Koegelenberg, C.F.N., 2022. Pleural Effusion: Tuberculous Effusion. In: Janes, S.M. (Ed.), Encyclopaedia of Respiratory Medicine, vol. 4. Elsevier, Academic Press, pp. 423–436.
  4. Shaw JA, von Groote-Bidlingmaier, Koegelenberg CFN. Transthoracic Ultrasound in ERS Respiratory Medicine handbook 4th Ed; Editors Palange P and Rhode G 
  5. Shaw JA, Gonzalez AV, Koegelenberg CFN, Diacon AH. Image-guided thoracentesis, chest tube drainage, and closed pleural biopsy. In: Maskell N, Feller-Kopman D, Lee G (ed). Textbook of Pleural Disease, 4th Ed. 2024 
  6. Shaw, J.A., Irusen, E.M., Koegelenberg, C.F.N., 2022. Pleural Interventions: Closed Pleural Biopsy. In: Janes, S.M. (Ed.), Encyclopaedia of Respiratory Medicine, vol. 4. Elsevier, Academic Press, pp. 566–577.