Using the example of a study on counterproductive work behaviour among academics, the presentation considers the possibilities, as well as the limitations of using structural equation modelling for explaining psychological mechanisms at work. Using psychological contract breach as a focal point, the objective of the study was to examine the sources and psychological mechanism that could explain why academics engage in counterproductive work behaviour. Specifically, the study examined the influence of academics’ perceptions of psychological contract breach on counterproductive work behaviour through three routes, namely, the stress reaction route - with variables such as occupational stress and negative emotions; the injustice route - with variables such as justice perceptions and affective commitment and, the retaliation or revenge route – with the variable of feelings of retaliation. Conscientiousness was included as the only personality variable.