Both globally and domestically, South Africa and the broader African continent are undergoing profound and long-term systemic transformations across their political, economic, social, environmental, technological, and institutional landscapes. These changes present a dual reality: the emergence of new opportunities alongside the proliferation of unprecedented risks. On the global stage, growing disillusionment with the democratic project is increasingly evident. Geopolitical tensions, such as the ongoing conflicts in Europe and the Middle East and the intensifying rivalry between China and the United States, demand astute navigation. However, they also present strategic openings for African countries, including South Africa, to assert their influence in shaping a more equitable global order. Notably, South Africa’s recent involvement at the International Court of Justice in support of ending the war in Gaza exemplifies its capacity to punch above its weight in international diplomacy and to contribute meaningfully to the reform of global governance institutions, an imperative starkly underscored by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Domestically, the establishment of a Government of National Unity and the increasing prevalence of coalition politics mark a significant reconfiguration of the political and governance landscape. While these developments introduce a level of instability and complexity, they also create new avenues for innovation and reform. There is growing momentum for the professionalisation of the public service and enhanced legislative oversight across Parliament, provincial legislatures, and local councils. Within this context, the constitutional provisions mandating public participation in policymaking and legislative processes can no longer be sidelined by bureaucratic inertia; instead, they must be embraced as a cornerstone of democratic governance.

From an environmental perspective, the expansion of renewable energy infrastructure offers a significant opportunity to reorient South Africa’s development trajectory toward a greener and more inclusive model. The African continent is uniquely positioned to lead in this sustainability transition. Furthermore, unlike many countries in Europe and Asia facing ageing populations, South Africa retains a youthful demographic profile. As noted in the National Development Plan, it is imperative to leverage this demographic dividend to support inclusive economic development and social cohesion, ensuring long-term stability and prosperity for all.